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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Quock, Melinda, Schmidt, Amanda H, Corbett, Lee B, Bierman, Paul R, Hidy, Alan J, Caffee, Marc W
Format:	Dataset Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	PANGAEA 2019
Subjects:	Caribbean; cosmogenic; detrital; erosion rate; tropical storm
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.910131
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Tropical islands, including many in island arcs, are susceptible to recurring disturbances from extreme storms. To test whether such storms bias isotopic indicators of long-term erosion, we measured 10Be in samples collected before and after Hurricane Maria (2017, category five) from Dominica, an andesitic island in the Caribbean. Populations of before- and after-storm concentrations of 10Be are indistinguishable (n = 7 for in situ, n = 11 for meteoric); however, individual sample sites replicate less well with isotopic concentrations in samples taken before and after the storm varying by an average of 12%. These data suggest that processes controlling the depth and amount of near-surface erosion on Dominica during extreme storms are stochastic. Erosion rates determined from in situ 10Be are low compared to similarly steep and wet areas (median = 0.082 mm/yr, n = 12) and appear to be controlled by orographic precipitation.

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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