KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: overview data
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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Sprache: | en |
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PANGAEA
2020
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| author | Bach, Lennart Thomas Paul, Allanah Joy Boxhammer, Tim von der Esch, Elisabeth Graco, Michelle Schulz, Kai Georg Achterberg, Eric Pieter Aguayo, Paulina Arístegui Ruiz, Javier Ayón, Patricia Baños Cerón, Isabel Bernales, Avy Boegeholz, Anne Sophie Chavez, Francisco P Chen, Shao-Min Doering, Kristin Filella, Alba Fischer, Martin A Grasse, Patricia Haunost, Mathias Hennke, Jan Hernández-Hernández, Nauzet Hopwood, Mark James Igarza, Maricarmen Kalter, Verena Kittu, Leila Kohnert, Peter Ledesma, Jesus Lieberum, Christian Lischka, Silke Löscher, Carolin Regina Ludwig, Andrea Mendoza, Ursula Meyer, Jana Meyer, Judith Minutolo, Fabrizio Ortiz Cortes, Joaquin Piiparinen, Jonna Sforna, Claudia Spilling, Kristian Sanchez, Sonia Spisla, Carsten Sswat, Michael Zavala Moreira, Mabel Riebesell, Ulf |
| author_facet | Bach, Lennart Thomas Paul, Allanah Joy Boxhammer, Tim von der Esch, Elisabeth Graco, Michelle Schulz, Kai Georg Achterberg, Eric Pieter Aguayo, Paulina Arístegui Ruiz, Javier Ayón, Patricia Baños Cerón, Isabel Bernales, Avy Boegeholz, Anne Sophie Chavez, Francisco P Chen, Shao-Min Doering, Kristin Filella, Alba Fischer, Martin A Grasse, Patricia Haunost, Mathias Hennke, Jan Hernández-Hernández, Nauzet Hopwood, Mark James Igarza, Maricarmen Kalter, Verena Kittu, Leila Kohnert, Peter Ledesma, Jesus Lieberum, Christian Lischka, Silke Löscher, Carolin Regina Ludwig, Andrea Mendoza, Ursula Meyer, Jana Meyer, Judith Minutolo, Fabrizio Ortiz Cortes, Joaquin Piiparinen, Jonna Sforna, Claudia Spilling, Kristian Sanchez, Sonia Spisla, Carsten Sswat, Michael Zavala Moreira, Mabel Riebesell, Ulf |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are among the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth. The production of organic material is fueled by upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters and high incident light at the sea surface. However, biotic and abiotic factors can mod- ify surface production and related biogeochemical processes. Determining these factors is important because EBUS are considered hotspots of climate change, and reliable predic- tions of their future functioning requires understanding of the mechanisms driving the biogeochemical cycles therein. In this field experiment, we used in situ mesocosms as tools to improve our mechanistic understanding of processes con- trolling organic matter cycling in the coastal Peruvian up- welling system. Eight mesocosms, each with a volume of ∼ 55 m3, were deployed for 50 d ∼ 6 km off Callao (12◦ S) during austral summer 2017, coinciding with a coastal El Niño phase. After mesocosm deployment, we collected sub- surface waters at two different locations in the regional oxy- gen minimum zone (OMZ) and injected these into four meso- cosms (mixing ratio ≈ 1.5 : 1 mesocosm: OMZ water). The focus of this paper is on temporal developments of organic matter production, export, and stoichiometry in the indi- vidual mesocosms. The mesocosm phytoplankton commu- nities were initially dominated by diatoms but shifted to- wards a pronounced dominance of the mixotrophic dinoflag- ellate (Akashiwo sanguinea) when inorganic nitrogen was exhausted in surface layers. The community shift coincided with a short-term increase in production during the A. san- guinea bloom, which left a pronounced imprint on organic matter C : N : P stoichiometry. However, C, N, and P export fluxes did not increase because A. sanguinea persisted in the water column and did not sink out during the experiment. Accordingly, export fluxes during the study were decou- pled from surface production and sustained by the remain- ing plankton community. Overall, biogeochemical pools and fluxes were surprisingly constant for most of the experiment. We explain this constancy by light limitation through self- shading by phytoplankton and by inorganic nitrogen limita- tion which constrained phytoplankton growth. Thus, gain and loss processes remained balanced and there were few oppor- tunities for blooms, which represents an event where the sys- tem becomes unbalanced. Overall, our mesocosm study re- vealed some key links between ecological and biogeochem- ical processes for one of the most economically important regions in the oceans. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_923395 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: overview data Bach, Lennart Thomas Paul, Allanah Joy Boxhammer, Tim von der Esch, Elisabeth Graco, Michelle Schulz, Kai Georg Achterberg, Eric Pieter Aguayo, Paulina Arístegui Ruiz, Javier Ayón, Patricia Baños Cerón, Isabel Bernales, Avy Boegeholz, Anne Sophie Chavez, Francisco P Chen, Shao-Min Doering, Kristin Filella, Alba Fischer, Martin A Grasse, Patricia Haunost, Mathias Hennke, Jan Hernández-Hernández, Nauzet Hopwood, Mark James Igarza, Maricarmen Kalter, Verena Kittu, Leila Kohnert, Peter Ledesma, Jesus Lieberum, Christian Lischka, Silke Löscher, Carolin Regina Ludwig, Andrea Mendoza, Ursula Meyer, Jana Meyer, Judith Minutolo, Fabrizio Ortiz Cortes, Joaquin Piiparinen, Jonna Sforna, Claudia Spilling, Kristian Sanchez, Sonia Spisla, Carsten Sswat, Michael Zavala Moreira, Mabel Riebesell, Ulf Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; SFB754 Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are among the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth. The production of organic material is fueled by upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters and high incident light at the sea surface. However, biotic and abiotic factors can mod- ify surface production and related biogeochemical processes. Determining these factors is important because EBUS are considered hotspots of climate change, and reliable predic- tions of their future functioning requires understanding of the mechanisms driving the biogeochemical cycles therein. In this field experiment, we used in situ mesocosms as tools to improve our mechanistic understanding of processes con- trolling organic matter cycling in the coastal Peruvian up- welling system. Eight mesocosms, each with a volume of ∼ 55 m3, were deployed for 50 d ∼ 6 km off Callao (12◦ S) during austral summer 2017, coinciding with a coastal El Niño phase. After mesocosm deployment, we collected sub- surface waters at two different locations in the regional oxy- gen minimum zone (OMZ) and injected these into four meso- cosms (mixing ratio ≈ 1.5 : 1 mesocosm: OMZ water). The focus of this paper is on temporal developments of organic matter production, export, and stoichiometry in the indi- vidual mesocosms. The mesocosm phytoplankton commu- nities were initially dominated by diatoms but shifted to- wards a pronounced dominance of the mixotrophic dinoflag- ellate (Akashiwo sanguinea) when inorganic nitrogen was exhausted in surface layers. The community shift coincided with a short-term increase in production during the A. san- guinea bloom, which left a pronounced imprint on organic matter C : N : P stoichiometry. However, C, N, and P export fluxes did not increase because A. sanguinea persisted in the water column and did not sink out during the experiment. Accordingly, export fluxes during the study were decou- pled from surface production and sustained by the remain- ing plankton community. Overall, biogeochemical pools and fluxes were surprisingly constant for most of the experiment. We explain this constancy by light limitation through self- shading by phytoplankton and by inorganic nitrogen limita- tion which constrained phytoplankton growth. Thus, gain and loss processes remained balanced and there were few oppor- tunities for blooms, which represents an event where the sys- tem becomes unbalanced. Overall, our mesocosm study re- vealed some key links between ecological and biogeochem- ical processes for one of the most economically important regions in the oceans. |
| title | KOSMOS 2017 Peru mesocosm study: overview data |
| topic | Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean; KOSMOS_2017; KOSMOS_2017_Peru; KOSMOS Peru; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; SFB754 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.923395 |