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Main Authors: Cheddadi, Rachid, Carré, Matthieu, Nourelbait, Majda, François, Louis M, Rhoujjati, Ali, Manay, Roger, Ochoa, Diana, Schefuß, Enno
Format: Dataset Open Access
Language:en
Published: PANGAEA 2020
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.925930
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author Cheddadi, Rachid
Carré, Matthieu
Nourelbait, Majda
François, Louis M
Rhoujjati, Ali
Manay, Roger
Ochoa, Diana
Schefuß, Enno
author_facet Cheddadi, Rachid
Carré, Matthieu
Nourelbait, Majda
François, Louis M
Rhoujjati, Ali
Manay, Roger
Ochoa, Diana
Schefuß, Enno
collection Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales
contents The greening of the Sahara, associated with the African Humid Period (AHP) between ca. 14,500 and 5,000 years ago, is arguably the largest climate-induced environmental change in the Holocene; it is usually explained by the strengthening and northward expansion of the African monsoon in response to orbital forcing. However, the strengthened monsoon in early to mid- Holocene climate model simulations cannot sustain vegetation in the Sahara or account for the increased humidity in the Mediterranean region. In this article, we present an 18,500 year-long paleoclimate record from Lake Tislit in Morocco (32°N) that provides the first quantitative reconstruction of rainfall seasonality in northern Africa. The Tislit record shows that increased humidity in the AHP extended up to the North Saharan and Mediterranean regions due to increased winter rainfall, rather than summer monsoon rainfall. Based on this observation of past climate, we propose that, as a response to the orbital forcing, the AHP included a strengthening and a southward shift of the Mediterranean winter rainfall system in addition to the intensified summer monsoon, with an overlap of these rainfall zones in the Sahara. Using a mechanistic vegetation model in early Holocene conditions, we show that this hypothetical seasonal distribution of rainfall yields a more realistic representation of the Green Sahara. This new conceptual framework should be taken into consideration in Earth System paleoclimate simulations used to explore the mechanisms of African climatic and environmental sensitivity.
format Dataset Open Access
id pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_925930
institution PANGAEA
language en
publishDate 2020
publisher PANGAEA
record_format pangaea
spellingShingle Early Holocene greening of the Sahara requires Mediterranean winter rainfall
Cheddadi, Rachid
Carré, Matthieu
Nourelbait, Majda
François, Louis M
Rhoujjati, Ali
Manay, Roger
Ochoa, Diana
Schefuß, Enno
African Humid Period; Green Sahara; Holocene; Palaeoclimate reconstructions; vegetation model simulations
The greening of the Sahara, associated with the African Humid Period (AHP) between ca. 14,500 and 5,000 years ago, is arguably the largest climate-induced environmental change in the Holocene; it is usually explained by the strengthening and northward expansion of the African monsoon in response to orbital forcing. However, the strengthened monsoon in early to mid- Holocene climate model simulations cannot sustain vegetation in the Sahara or account for the increased humidity in the Mediterranean region. In this article, we present an 18,500 year-long paleoclimate record from Lake Tislit in Morocco (32°N) that provides the first quantitative reconstruction of rainfall seasonality in northern Africa. The Tislit record shows that increased humidity in the AHP extended up to the North Saharan and Mediterranean regions due to increased winter rainfall, rather than summer monsoon rainfall. Based on this observation of past climate, we propose that, as a response to the orbital forcing, the AHP included a strengthening and a southward shift of the Mediterranean winter rainfall system in addition to the intensified summer monsoon, with an overlap of these rainfall zones in the Sahara. Using a mechanistic vegetation model in early Holocene conditions, we show that this hypothetical seasonal distribution of rainfall yields a more realistic representation of the Green Sahara. This new conceptual framework should be taken into consideration in Earth System paleoclimate simulations used to explore the mechanisms of African climatic and environmental sensitivity.
title Early Holocene greening of the Sahara requires Mediterranean winter rainfall
topic African Humid Period; Green Sahara; Holocene; Palaeoclimate reconstructions; vegetation model simulations
url https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.925930