Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval morphology, pigment cell response, larval density and Gastric pH of sea urchin
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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Sprache: | en |
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PANGAEA
2020
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| author | Stumpp, Meike Petersen, Inga Thoben, Femke Yan, Jia-Jiun Hu, Marian Y |
| author_facet | Stumpp, Meike Petersen, Inga Thoben, Femke Yan, Jia-Jiun Hu, Marian Y |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Larval stages of members of the Abulacraria superphylum including echinoderms and hemichordates have highly alkaline midguts. To date, the reason for the evolution of such extreme pH conditions in the gut of these organisms remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that, analogous to the acidic stomachs of vertebrates, these alkaline conditions may represent a first defensive barrier to protect from environmental pathogens. pH-optimum curves for five different species of marine bacteria demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferation rates by 50–60% between pH 8.5 and 9.5. Using the marine bacterium Vibrio diazotrophicus, which elicits a coordinated immune response in the larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we studied the physiological responses of the midgut pH regulatory machinery to this pathogen. Gastroscopic microelectrode measurements demonstrate a stimulation of midgut alkalization upon infection with V. diazotrophicus accompanied by an upregulation of acid–base transporter transcripts of the midgut. Pharmacological inhibition of midgut alkalization resulted in an increased mortality rate of larvae during Vibrio infection. Reductions in seawater pH resembling ocean acidification conditions lead to moderate reductions in midgut alkalization. However, these reductions in midgut pH do not affect the immune response or resilience of sea urchin larvae to a Vibrio infection under ocean acidification conditions. Our study addressed the evolutionary benefits of the alkaline midgut of Ambulacraria larval stages. The data indicate that alkaline conditions in the gut may serve as a first defensive barrier against environmental pathogens and that this mechanism can compensate for changes in seawater pH. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_926044 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval morphology, pigment cell response, larval density and Gastric pH of sea urchin Stumpp, Meike Petersen, Inga Thoben, Femke Yan, Jia-Jiun Hu, Marian Y Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cells, total; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Larval density; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard error; pH, total scale; pH change; pH change, standard error; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Ratio; Registration number of species; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Species; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Time in hours; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton Larval stages of members of the Abulacraria superphylum including echinoderms and hemichordates have highly alkaline midguts. To date, the reason for the evolution of such extreme pH conditions in the gut of these organisms remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that, analogous to the acidic stomachs of vertebrates, these alkaline conditions may represent a first defensive barrier to protect from environmental pathogens. pH-optimum curves for five different species of marine bacteria demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferation rates by 50–60% between pH 8.5 and 9.5. Using the marine bacterium Vibrio diazotrophicus, which elicits a coordinated immune response in the larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we studied the physiological responses of the midgut pH regulatory machinery to this pathogen. Gastroscopic microelectrode measurements demonstrate a stimulation of midgut alkalization upon infection with V. diazotrophicus accompanied by an upregulation of acid–base transporter transcripts of the midgut. Pharmacological inhibition of midgut alkalization resulted in an increased mortality rate of larvae during Vibrio infection. Reductions in seawater pH resembling ocean acidification conditions lead to moderate reductions in midgut alkalization. However, these reductions in midgut pH do not affect the immune response or resilience of sea urchin larvae to a Vibrio infection under ocean acidification conditions. Our study addressed the evolutionary benefits of the alkaline midgut of Ambulacraria larval stages. The data indicate that alkaline conditions in the gut may serve as a first defensive barrier against environmental pathogens and that this mechanism can compensate for changes in seawater pH. |
| title | Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval morphology, pigment cell response, larval density and Gastric pH of sea urchin |
| topic | Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cells, total; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Larval density; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard error; pH, total scale; pH change; pH change, standard error; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Ratio; Registration number of species; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Species; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Time in hours; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.926044 |