Soil health indicators for Central Washington Orchards
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PANGAEA
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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Langue: | en |
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PANGAEA
2021
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| _version_ | 1867171029624815616 |
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| author | DuPont, Sara Tianna Kalcsits, Lee Kogan, Clark |
| author_facet | DuPont, Sara Tianna Kalcsits, Lee Kogan, Clark |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | The objective of this study was to initiate the steps to develop a soil assessment tool for irrigated orchard soils in Central Washington, United States including defining objectives, gathering baseline data and selecting target indicators. A total of 97 apple (Malus domestica) orchard fields were sampled in Washington, United States between 2015 and 2020. Of these plots there were 30 matched pairs (60 plots) on the same or similar soil type with matching cultivar/rootstock, tree age and training system type. One field in each pair was high performing and the other underperforming based on grower description. A subset of 32 plots (16 matched pairs) were sampled for fruit yield and fruit quality. Soil samples were collected as 50 to 100-soil core composite samples (2.5 cm core) to a depth of 20 cm in the tree root zone (15-60 cm from trunk) where 10 to 20 random samples were taken in each of five locations of the 2 to 16 hectare field. Four 100 cm3 intact soil cores were used for bulk density analysis. Five 120 cm3 intact cores were taken for micro-arthropod analysis. All soil sampling was conducted during June and July after soils had warmed (>13 °C) and 1 to 3 months before apple harvest. Water supply for each orchard site was determined using a grower survey of irrigation practices and on-site irrigation measurements and demand was estimated from evapotranspiration estimates based on meteorological data from the nearest weather station [1]. On site irrigation measurements included measurements of water volume per emitter per hour at ten locations within a block which was then multiplied by emitters per acre. Fields with insufficient irrigation were not included in matched plot analysis. Fruit yield and quality were determined by collecting grower reported packing house yield data for the previous two to four years where available. For orchards where packing house data was not collected, a subset of five representative trees were selected for each orchard. At harvest, fruit per tree were counted and 20 fruit per tree collected to determine mean fruit weight and to estimate total yield. Yield was normalized to a 0-100 scale (percent yield goal) where the reported yield was divided by the yield goal identified by the grower in order to account for the yield potential of individual varieties and growing systems. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_937089 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Soil health indicators for Central Washington Orchards DuPont, Sara Tianna Kalcsits, Lee Kogan, Clark Apple bioassay; Apple bioassay rating; Apple rootstock; Apple scion; Autoclaved-citrate extractable soil protein index; Autoclaved-citrate extractable soil protein rating; Available water capacity; Available water capacity rating; Basal index; Basal Index rating; Bean bioassay rating; Bean bioassay scale; biological activity; Block; Calcium; Calcium rating; Calculated; Calculated according to DuPont et al. (2021); Carbon dioxide production; Cation exchange capacity; Cation exchange capacity rating; Central Washington, United States; Clay; CO2 release during a four day incubation of air dried and rewetted soil (Zibilske L 1994); Copper; Counted per 500 cm**3 of soil; Counted per m**2 (Crossley, DA 1991); Density, bulk rating; Density, dry bulk; DTPA-Sorbitol Extractable; Enrichment index; Enrichment index rating; Event label; Infiltration rate; Infiltration rating; Iron; Irrigation stress; Labile fraction of total P extraction with sodium bicarbonate after Olsen, 1954; LATITUDE; Lesion, Pratylenchus nematodes; Lesion, Xiphenema nematodes; LONGITUDE; Loss on ignition per Gavlack R (2005); Magnesium; Magnesium rating; Manganese; Measured by inserting five 15 cm diameter rings into the soil in the weed free strip beneath the trees to a depth of 7 cm; Microarthropods; Microarthropods rating; Micronutrients rating; Nematode soil food web analysis (Ferris and Bongers (1993)); Number; Organic matter rating; Penetration resistance; Penetration resistance rating; Percentage; Permanganate oxidation method (Weil 2003); Permanganate oxidizable carbon per soil dry mass; Permanganate oxidizable carbon rating; pH; Phosphorus; Phosphorus rating; pH rating; Plot; Potassium; Potassium rating; Potentially mineralizable nitrogen; Potentially mineralizable nitrogen rating; Pratylenchus nematodes rating; Pressure chambers and ceramic plates with a known porosity per Reynolds WD (2008); Rainfall simulator method per Kettler TA (2001); Rapid soil texture procedure per Kettler TA (2001); Rating; Respiration rating; Root disease symptoms rating per Abawi, Ludwig (2004); root health; Sample comment; Sand; Sand rating; Saturated, anaerobic incubation per Schindelbeck RR (2016); see comment; Seedling growth; Silt; Sodium bicarbonate K extraction; Sodium citrate protein extraction after Walker JM (2002); soil health; Soil name; soil organic carbon; Soil organic matter; soil quality; SOILS; Soil sample; soil structure; Soil texture; Soil texture classification; Structure index; Structure index rating; Tree, age; Tree density; USA NRCS soil survey; Washington_apple_orchard_AB242; Washington_apple_orchard_AB243; Washington_apple_orchard_AB40; Washington_apple_orchard_AB41; Washington_apple_orchard_Al88; Washington_apple_orchard_Al89; Washington_apple_orchard_AR64; Washington_apple_orchard_AR65; Washington_apple_orchard_B1; Washington_apple_orchard_B13; Washington_apple_orchard_B2; Washington_apple_orchard_Bk32; Washington_apple_orchard_Bk33; Washington_apple_orchard_Br27; Washington_apple_orchard_Br28; Washington_apple_orchard_Cl34; Washington_apple_orchard_Cl35; Washington_apple_orchard_CS74; Washington_apple_orchard_CS75; Washington_apple_orchard_Cw17; Washington_apple_orchard_Cw18; Washington_apple_orchard_DS72; Washington_apple_orchard_DS73; Washington_apple_orchard_F10; Washington_apple_orchard_F46; Washington_apple_orchard_F47; Washington_apple_orchard_F9; Washington_apple_orchard_G3; Washington_apple_orchard_G4; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil278; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil279; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil380; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil381; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil4100; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil4101; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil76; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil77; Washington_apple_orchard_GO60; Washington_apple_orchard_GO61; Washington_apple_orchard_H90; Washington_apple_orchard_H91; Washington_apple_orchard_Hou38; Washington_apple_orchard_Hou39; Washington_apple_orchard_K54; Washington_apple_orchard_K55; Washington_apple_orchard_KG48; Washington_apple_orchard_KG49; Washington_apple_orchard_KMO68; Washington_apple_orchard_KMO69; Washington_apple_orchard_M14; Washington_apple_orchard_M15; Washington_apple_orchard_MJ16; Washington_apple_orchard_O50; Washington_apple_orchard_O51; Washington_apple_orchard_Ob86; Washington_apple_orchard_Ob87; Washington_apple_orchard_P21; Washington_apple_orchard_P22; Washington_apple_orchard_R11; Washington_apple_orchard_R12; Washington_apple_orchard_Rb58; Washington_apple_orchard_Rb59; Washington_apple_orchard_S70; Washington_apple_orchard_S71; Washington_apple_orchard_SF36; Washington_apple_orchard_SF37; Washington_apple_orchard_SR29; Washington_apple_orchard_SR30; Washington_apple_orchard_SR31; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO92; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO93; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO94; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO95; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO96; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO97; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO98; Washington_apple_orchard_T62; Washington_apple_orchard_T63; Washington_apple_orchard_Th7; Washington_apple_orchard_Th8; Washington_apple_orchard_Va84; Washington_apple_orchard_Va85; Washington_apple_orchard_WA19; Washington_apple_orchard_WA20; Washington_apple_orchard_WAF56; Washington_apple_orchard_WAF57; Washington_apple_orchard_Wi44; Washington_apple_orchard_Wi45; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi266; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi267; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi382; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi383; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi4102; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi4103; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi52; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi53; Water stable aggregates; Water stable aggregates rating; Xiphenema nematodes rating; Year of observation; Zinc The objective of this study was to initiate the steps to develop a soil assessment tool for irrigated orchard soils in Central Washington, United States including defining objectives, gathering baseline data and selecting target indicators. A total of 97 apple (Malus domestica) orchard fields were sampled in Washington, United States between 2015 and 2020. Of these plots there were 30 matched pairs (60 plots) on the same or similar soil type with matching cultivar/rootstock, tree age and training system type. One field in each pair was high performing and the other underperforming based on grower description. A subset of 32 plots (16 matched pairs) were sampled for fruit yield and fruit quality. Soil samples were collected as 50 to 100-soil core composite samples (2.5 cm core) to a depth of 20 cm in the tree root zone (15-60 cm from trunk) where 10 to 20 random samples were taken in each of five locations of the 2 to 16 hectare field. Four 100 cm3 intact soil cores were used for bulk density analysis. Five 120 cm3 intact cores were taken for micro-arthropod analysis. All soil sampling was conducted during June and July after soils had warmed (>13 °C) and 1 to 3 months before apple harvest. Water supply for each orchard site was determined using a grower survey of irrigation practices and on-site irrigation measurements and demand was estimated from evapotranspiration estimates based on meteorological data from the nearest weather station [1]. On site irrigation measurements included measurements of water volume per emitter per hour at ten locations within a block which was then multiplied by emitters per acre. Fields with insufficient irrigation were not included in matched plot analysis. Fruit yield and quality were determined by collecting grower reported packing house yield data for the previous two to four years where available. For orchards where packing house data was not collected, a subset of five representative trees were selected for each orchard. At harvest, fruit per tree were counted and 20 fruit per tree collected to determine mean fruit weight and to estimate total yield. Yield was normalized to a 0-100 scale (percent yield goal) where the reported yield was divided by the yield goal identified by the grower in order to account for the yield potential of individual varieties and growing systems. |
| title | Soil health indicators for Central Washington Orchards |
| topic | Apple bioassay; Apple bioassay rating; Apple rootstock; Apple scion; Autoclaved-citrate extractable soil protein index; Autoclaved-citrate extractable soil protein rating; Available water capacity; Available water capacity rating; Basal index; Basal Index rating; Bean bioassay rating; Bean bioassay scale; biological activity; Block; Calcium; Calcium rating; Calculated; Calculated according to DuPont et al. (2021); Carbon dioxide production; Cation exchange capacity; Cation exchange capacity rating; Central Washington, United States; Clay; CO2 release during a four day incubation of air dried and rewetted soil (Zibilske L 1994); Copper; Counted per 500 cm**3 of soil; Counted per m**2 (Crossley, DA 1991); Density, bulk rating; Density, dry bulk; DTPA-Sorbitol Extractable; Enrichment index; Enrichment index rating; Event label; Infiltration rate; Infiltration rating; Iron; Irrigation stress; Labile fraction of total P extraction with sodium bicarbonate after Olsen, 1954; LATITUDE; Lesion, Pratylenchus nematodes; Lesion, Xiphenema nematodes; LONGITUDE; Loss on ignition per Gavlack R (2005); Magnesium; Magnesium rating; Manganese; Measured by inserting five 15 cm diameter rings into the soil in the weed free strip beneath the trees to a depth of 7 cm; Microarthropods; Microarthropods rating; Micronutrients rating; Nematode soil food web analysis (Ferris and Bongers (1993)); Number; Organic matter rating; Penetration resistance; Penetration resistance rating; Percentage; Permanganate oxidation method (Weil 2003); Permanganate oxidizable carbon per soil dry mass; Permanganate oxidizable carbon rating; pH; Phosphorus; Phosphorus rating; pH rating; Plot; Potassium; Potassium rating; Potentially mineralizable nitrogen; Potentially mineralizable nitrogen rating; Pratylenchus nematodes rating; Pressure chambers and ceramic plates with a known porosity per Reynolds WD (2008); Rainfall simulator method per Kettler TA (2001); Rapid soil texture procedure per Kettler TA (2001); Rating; Respiration rating; Root disease symptoms rating per Abawi, Ludwig (2004); root health; Sample comment; Sand; Sand rating; Saturated, anaerobic incubation per Schindelbeck RR (2016); see comment; Seedling growth; Silt; Sodium bicarbonate K extraction; Sodium citrate protein extraction after Walker JM (2002); soil health; Soil name; soil organic carbon; Soil organic matter; soil quality; SOILS; Soil sample; soil structure; Soil texture; Soil texture classification; Structure index; Structure index rating; Tree, age; Tree density; USA NRCS soil survey; Washington_apple_orchard_AB242; Washington_apple_orchard_AB243; Washington_apple_orchard_AB40; Washington_apple_orchard_AB41; Washington_apple_orchard_Al88; Washington_apple_orchard_Al89; Washington_apple_orchard_AR64; Washington_apple_orchard_AR65; Washington_apple_orchard_B1; Washington_apple_orchard_B13; Washington_apple_orchard_B2; Washington_apple_orchard_Bk32; Washington_apple_orchard_Bk33; Washington_apple_orchard_Br27; Washington_apple_orchard_Br28; Washington_apple_orchard_Cl34; Washington_apple_orchard_Cl35; Washington_apple_orchard_CS74; Washington_apple_orchard_CS75; Washington_apple_orchard_Cw17; Washington_apple_orchard_Cw18; Washington_apple_orchard_DS72; Washington_apple_orchard_DS73; Washington_apple_orchard_F10; Washington_apple_orchard_F46; Washington_apple_orchard_F47; Washington_apple_orchard_F9; Washington_apple_orchard_G3; Washington_apple_orchard_G4; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil278; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil279; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil380; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil381; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil4100; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil4101; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil76; Washington_apple_orchard_Gil77; Washington_apple_orchard_GO60; Washington_apple_orchard_GO61; Washington_apple_orchard_H90; Washington_apple_orchard_H91; Washington_apple_orchard_Hou38; Washington_apple_orchard_Hou39; Washington_apple_orchard_K54; Washington_apple_orchard_K55; Washington_apple_orchard_KG48; Washington_apple_orchard_KG49; Washington_apple_orchard_KMO68; Washington_apple_orchard_KMO69; Washington_apple_orchard_M14; Washington_apple_orchard_M15; Washington_apple_orchard_MJ16; Washington_apple_orchard_O50; Washington_apple_orchard_O51; Washington_apple_orchard_Ob86; Washington_apple_orchard_Ob87; Washington_apple_orchard_P21; Washington_apple_orchard_P22; Washington_apple_orchard_R11; Washington_apple_orchard_R12; Washington_apple_orchard_Rb58; Washington_apple_orchard_Rb59; Washington_apple_orchard_S70; Washington_apple_orchard_S71; Washington_apple_orchard_SF36; Washington_apple_orchard_SF37; Washington_apple_orchard_SR29; Washington_apple_orchard_SR30; Washington_apple_orchard_SR31; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO92; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO93; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO94; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO95; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO96; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO97; Washington_apple_orchard_SRO98; Washington_apple_orchard_T62; Washington_apple_orchard_T63; Washington_apple_orchard_Th7; Washington_apple_orchard_Th8; Washington_apple_orchard_Va84; Washington_apple_orchard_Va85; Washington_apple_orchard_WA19; Washington_apple_orchard_WA20; Washington_apple_orchard_WAF56; Washington_apple_orchard_WAF57; Washington_apple_orchard_Wi44; Washington_apple_orchard_Wi45; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi266; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi267; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi382; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi383; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi4102; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi4103; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi52; Washington_apple_orchard_Zi53; Water stable aggregates; Water stable aggregates rating; Xiphenema nematodes rating; Year of observation; Zinc |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937089 |