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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Language: | en |
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PANGAEA
2025
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973370 |
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| _version_ | 1867168530967822336 |
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| author | Preußer, Andreas Nicolaus, Marcel Hoppmann, Mario |
| author_facet | Preußer, Andreas Nicolaus, Marcel Hoppmann, Mario |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2019T67 (a.k.a. PRIC_0906) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2019-10-05T06:00:16 and 2020-08-05T18:00:17. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_973370 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2019T67 Preußer, Andreas Nicolaus, Marcel Hoppmann, Mario 2019T67; Arctic_PASSION; Arctic Ocean; Arctic PASSION; Autonomous buoy; AWI_PhyOce; AWI_SeaIce; Current sea ice maps for Arctic and Antarctic; DATE/TIME; Distance, atmosphere/snow interface, relative to initial ice surface; Distance, ice/ocean interface, relative to initial ice surface; Distance, snow/ice interface, relative to initial ice surface; Ice mass balance; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Manual classification; meereisportal.de; MOSAiC20192020; Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-170; SAMS Ice Mass Balance buoy; Sea ice interfaces; Sea Ice Physics @ AWI; Sea ice thickness; Sea ice thickness, uncertainty; SIMBA; snow depth; Snow thickness; Snow thickness, uncertainty; Temperature, atmosphere/snow interface; Temperature, ice/ocean interface; Temperature, snow/ice interface; Temperature thermistor; Thermistor number, at atmosphere/snow interface; Thermistor number, at ice/ocean interface; Thermistor number, at snow/ice interface The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2019T67 (a.k.a. PRIC_0906) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2019-10-05T06:00:16 and 2020-08-05T18:00:17. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt. |
| title | Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2019T67 |
| topic | 2019T67; Arctic_PASSION; Arctic Ocean; Arctic PASSION; Autonomous buoy; AWI_PhyOce; AWI_SeaIce; Current sea ice maps for Arctic and Antarctic; DATE/TIME; Distance, atmosphere/snow interface, relative to initial ice surface; Distance, ice/ocean interface, relative to initial ice surface; Distance, snow/ice interface, relative to initial ice surface; Ice mass balance; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Manual classification; meereisportal.de; MOSAiC20192020; Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; PS122/4; PS122/4_43-170; SAMS Ice Mass Balance buoy; Sea ice interfaces; Sea Ice Physics @ AWI; Sea ice thickness; Sea ice thickness, uncertainty; SIMBA; snow depth; Snow thickness; Snow thickness, uncertainty; Temperature, atmosphere/snow interface; Temperature, ice/ocean interface; Temperature, snow/ice interface; Temperature thermistor; Thermistor number, at atmosphere/snow interface; Thermistor number, at ice/ocean interface; Thermistor number, at snow/ice interface |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973370 |