Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum.
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Harmful algae
2024
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| _version_ | 1868266277694341121 |
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| author | Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas |
| author_facet | Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum. Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas Dinoflagellida Animals Nitrogen Marine Toxins Copepoda Predatory Behavior Some dinoflagellates produce toxic secondary metabolites that correlate with increased resistance to grazers. The allocation costs of toxin production have been repeatedly addressed, but with conflicting results. Few studies have considered the potential costs of this defense to the photosystem, even though defense toxins (e.g., karlotoxins and brevetoxins) are closely linked to the photoprotective process. Here, we used chemical cues from copepods to induce paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production in resource-limited Alexandrium minutum and quantitatively determined the growth rate and potential trade-offs with the photosystem process. The results show that grazer-induced, more toxic A. minutum had larger cell volume, lower cell division rate, and lower pigment content under nitrogen-limited conditions than control cells. In addition, predator cues led to a lower relative abundance of photoprotective xanthophylls and a reduced de-epoxidation efficiency of the xanthophyll cycle under high light conditions, reducing the ability of the cells to resist photodamage. Decreased photoprotective capacity may reflect an overlooked defense cost of toxin production. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_39567071 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Harmful algae |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum. Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas Dinoflagellida Animals Nitrogen Marine Toxins Copepoda Predatory Behavior Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum. Zhang, Jingjing Ryderheim, Fredrik Selander, Erik Wünsch, Urban Kiørboe, Thomas Dinoflagellida Animals Nitrogen Marine Toxins Copepoda Predatory Behavior Some dinoflagellates produce toxic secondary metabolites that correlate with increased resistance to grazers. The allocation costs of toxin production have been repeatedly addressed, but with conflicting results. Few studies have considered the potential costs of this defense to the photosystem, even though defense toxins (e.g., karlotoxins and brevetoxins) are closely linked to the photoprotective process. Here, we used chemical cues from copepods to induce paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production in resource-limited Alexandrium minutum and quantitatively determined the growth rate and potential trade-offs with the photosystem process. The results show that grazer-induced, more toxic A. minutum had larger cell volume, lower cell division rate, and lower pigment content under nitrogen-limited conditions than control cells. In addition, predator cues led to a lower relative abundance of photoprotective xanthophylls and a reduced de-epoxidation efficiency of the xanthophyll cycle under high light conditions, reducing the ability of the cells to resist photodamage. Decreased photoprotective capacity may reflect an overlooked defense cost of toxin production. |
| title | Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum. |
| topic | Dinoflagellida Animals Nitrogen Marine Toxins Copepoda Predatory Behavior |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39567071/ |