Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils.
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo científico |
| Lenguaje: | en |
| Publicado: |
Scientific reports
2025
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| _version_ | 1868266255308292097 |
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| author | Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P |
| author_facet | Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils. Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P Soil Microbiology Metagenome Phylogeny CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Bacteriophages Ice Cover Antarctic environments are dominated by microorganisms, which are vulnerable to viral infection. Although several studies have investigated the phylogenetic repertoire of bacteria and viruses in these poly-extreme environments with freezing temperatures, high ultra violet irradiation levels, low moisture availability and hyper-oligotrophy, the evolutionary mechanisms governing microbial immunity remain poorly understood. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we test the hypothesis that Antarctic poly-extreme high-latitude microbiomes harbour diverse adaptive immune systems. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of prophages in bacterial genomes (Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota), suggesting the significance of lysogenic infection strategies in Antarctic soils. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of diverse CRISPR-Cas arrays, including Class 1 arrays (Types I-B, I-C, and I-E), alongside systems exhibiting novel gene architecture among their effector cas genes. Notably, a Class 2 system featuring type V variants lacks CRISPR arrays, encodes Cas1 and Cas2 adaptation module genes. Phylogenetic analysis of Cas12 effector proteins hints at divergent evolutionary histories compared to classified type V effectors and indicates that TnpB is likely the ancestor of Cas12 nucleases. Our findings suggest substantial novelty in Antarctic cas sequences, likely driven by strong selective pressures. These results underscore the role of viral infection as a key evolutionary driver shaping polar microbiomes. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_39827180 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Scientific reports |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils. Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P Soil Microbiology Metagenome Phylogeny CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Bacteriophages Ice Cover Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils. Van Goethem, Marc W Bezuidt, Oliver K I Pierneef, Rian Vikram, Surendra Hopkins, David W Aspray, Thomas Hall, Grant Woodborne, Stephan Hogg, Ian D Northen, Trent R Kong, Weidong Daffonchio, Daniele Cowan, Don A Van de Peer, Yves Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Makhalanyane, Thulani P Soil Microbiology Metagenome Phylogeny CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Bacteriophages Ice Cover Antarctic environments are dominated by microorganisms, which are vulnerable to viral infection. Although several studies have investigated the phylogenetic repertoire of bacteria and viruses in these poly-extreme environments with freezing temperatures, high ultra violet irradiation levels, low moisture availability and hyper-oligotrophy, the evolutionary mechanisms governing microbial immunity remain poorly understood. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we test the hypothesis that Antarctic poly-extreme high-latitude microbiomes harbour diverse adaptive immune systems. Our analysis reveals the prevalence of prophages in bacterial genomes (Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota), suggesting the significance of lysogenic infection strategies in Antarctic soils. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of diverse CRISPR-Cas arrays, including Class 1 arrays (Types I-B, I-C, and I-E), alongside systems exhibiting novel gene architecture among their effector cas genes. Notably, a Class 2 system featuring type V variants lacks CRISPR arrays, encodes Cas1 and Cas2 adaptation module genes. Phylogenetic analysis of Cas12 effector proteins hints at divergent evolutionary histories compared to classified type V effectors and indicates that TnpB is likely the ancestor of Cas12 nucleases. Our findings suggest substantial novelty in Antarctic cas sequences, likely driven by strong selective pressures. These results underscore the role of viral infection as a key evolutionary driver shaping polar microbiomes. |
| title | Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils. |
| topic | Soil Microbiology Metagenome Phylogeny CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Bacteriophages Ice Cover |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39827180/ |