Table of Contents:
  • A Long-Term Ecological Research Data Set From the Marine Genetic Monitoring Program ARMS-MBON 2018-2020. Daraghmeh, Nauras Exter, Katrina Pagnier, Justine Balazy, Piotr Cancio, Ibon Chatzigeorgiou, Giorgos Chatzinikolaou, Eva Chelchowski, Maciej Chrismas, Nathan Alexis Mitchell Comtet, Thierry Dailianis, Thanos Deneudt, Klaas Diaz de Cerio, Oihane Digenis, Markos Gerovasileiou, Vasilis González, José Kauppi, Laura Kristoffersen, Jon Bent Kukliński, Piotr Lasota, Rafał Levy, Liraz Małachowicz, Magdalena Mavrič, Borut Mortelmans, Jonas Paredes, Estefania Poćwierz-Kotus, Anita Reiss, Henning Santi, Ioulia Sarafidou, Georgia Skouradakis, Grigorios Solbakken, Jostein Staehr, Peter A U Tajadura, Javier Thyrring, Jakob Troncoso, Jesus S Vernadou, Emmanouela Viard, Frederique Zafeiropoulos, Haris Zbawicka, Małgorzata Pavloudi, Christina Obst, Matthias Biodiversity DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic Aquatic Organisms Europe RNA, Ribosomal, 18S Animals Electron Transport Complex IV Molecular methods such as DNA/eDNA metabarcoding have emerged as useful tools to document the biodiversity of complex communities over large spatio-temporal scales. We established an international Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (ARMS-MBON) combining standardised sampling using autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) with metabarcoding for genetic monitoring of marine hard-bottom benthic communities. Here, we present the data of our first sampling campaign comprising 56 ARMS units deployed in 2018-2019 and retrieved in 2018-2020 across 15 observatories along the coasts of Europe and adjacent regions. We describe the open-access data set (image, genetic and metadata) and explore the genetic data to show its potential for marine biodiversity monitoring and ecological research. Our analysis shows that ARMS recovered more than 60 eukaryotic phyla capturing diversity of up to ~5500 amplicon sequence variants and ~1800 operational taxonomic units, and up to ~250 and ~50 species per observatory using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA marker genes, respectively. Further, ARMS detected threatened, vulnerable and non-indigenous species often targeted in biological monitoring. We show that while deployment duration does not drive diversity estimates, sampling effort and sequencing depth across observatories do. We recommend that ARMS should be deployed for at least 3-6 months during the main growth season to use resources as efficiently as possible and that post-sequencing curation is applied to enable statistical comparison of spatio-temporal entities. We suggest that ARMS should be used in biological monitoring programs and long-term ecological research and encourage the adoption of our ARMS-MBON protocols.