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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Marine life science & technology
2025
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| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40027321/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266237306339330 |
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| author | Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting |
| author_facet | Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Novel findings on the mitochondria in ciliates, with description of mitochondrial genomes of six representatives. Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria. Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes, and thus are ideal models for elucidating the early evolution of mitochondria. Here, we report on six new mitogenomes of spirotrichs, a dominant ciliate group, and perform comparative analyses on 12 representative species. We show that: (1) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs are linear structures with high A+T contents (61.12-81.16%), bidirectional transcription, and extensive synteny (except for the , and genes in Euplotia); (2) the non-split of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene () is a plesiomorphy of ciliates, whereas it has evolved into a split gene in Spirotrichea (apart from taxa), Oligohymenophorea, and Armophorea; (3) the number of small subunit ribosomal proteins (rps) encoded in mitogenomes increases in the later branching classes of ciliates, whereas shows a loss trend during the evolution of taxa; (4) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs exhibit A/T codon bias at the third position, and the codon bias is mainly due to DNA mutation in oligotrichs, hypotrichs and ; (5) the phylogenetic position of is unstable and controversial based on both phylogenetic analyses and mitogenome evidence. In summary, we investigated the mitogenome diversity of spirotrichs and broadened our understanding of the evolution of mitochondria in ciliates. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00249-7. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_40027321 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Marine life science & technology |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Novel findings on the mitochondria in ciliates, with description of mitochondrial genomes of six representatives. Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting Novel findings on the mitochondria in ciliates, with description of mitochondrial genomes of six representatives. Zhang, Tengteng Fu, Jinyu Li, Chao Gong, Ruitao Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S Stover, Naomi A Shao, Chen Cheng, Ting Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria. Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes, and thus are ideal models for elucidating the early evolution of mitochondria. Here, we report on six new mitogenomes of spirotrichs, a dominant ciliate group, and perform comparative analyses on 12 representative species. We show that: (1) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs are linear structures with high A+T contents (61.12-81.16%), bidirectional transcription, and extensive synteny (except for the , and genes in Euplotia); (2) the non-split of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene () is a plesiomorphy of ciliates, whereas it has evolved into a split gene in Spirotrichea (apart from taxa), Oligohymenophorea, and Armophorea; (3) the number of small subunit ribosomal proteins (rps) encoded in mitogenomes increases in the later branching classes of ciliates, whereas shows a loss trend during the evolution of taxa; (4) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs exhibit A/T codon bias at the third position, and the codon bias is mainly due to DNA mutation in oligotrichs, hypotrichs and ; (5) the phylogenetic position of is unstable and controversial based on both phylogenetic analyses and mitogenome evidence. In summary, we investigated the mitogenome diversity of spirotrichs and broadened our understanding of the evolution of mitochondria in ciliates. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00249-7. |
| title | Novel findings on the mitochondria in ciliates, with description of mitochondrial genomes of six representatives. |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40027321/ |