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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Langue: | en |
| Publié: |
Environment international
2025
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| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460709/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266196166508545 |
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| author | Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei |
| author_facet | Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Research progress of microcystin-LR toxicity to the intestine, liver, and kidney and its mechanism. Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei Microcystins Marine Toxins Liver Kidney Humans Animals Intestines Gastrointestinal Microbiome Global warming and eutrophication of water bodies have exacerbated the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in recent years. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) produced by cyanobacterial blooms is present in water bodies. Humans and livestock are at significant risk of exposure to MC-LR through drinking water, consuming contaminated food, or inhalation of aerosols containing MC-LR. This article systematically summarizes the formation, fate, and distribution of MC-LR in the body, and explores its toxic effects and mechanisms on the multiple organs containing intestines, liver and kidneys. The study comparatively elucidated MC-LR exerted toxicity including abnormal cell proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis primarily through the following classical mechanisms: (1) inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thereby affecting signaling pathways such as JNK/P38, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT; (2) inducing oxidative stress. Additionally, we summarized new mechanisms: (1) MC-LR affects mitophagy or induces mitochondrial structure damage; (2) MC-LR can induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which in turn causes liver and kidney damage via the "gut-liver" axis and "gut-kidney" axis. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the multi-organ toxic effects induced by MC-LR, elucidates potential specific and shared toxic mechanistic pathways and proposes some future research directions to mitigate MC-LR-associated health risks. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_40460709 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Environment international |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Research progress of microcystin-LR toxicity to the intestine, liver, and kidney and its mechanism. Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei Microcystins Marine Toxins Liver Kidney Humans Animals Intestines Gastrointestinal Microbiome Research progress of microcystin-LR toxicity to the intestine, liver, and kidney and its mechanism. Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xiaodie Yang, Yue Liu, Jun Yang, Fei Microcystins Marine Toxins Liver Kidney Humans Animals Intestines Gastrointestinal Microbiome Global warming and eutrophication of water bodies have exacerbated the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in recent years. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) produced by cyanobacterial blooms is present in water bodies. Humans and livestock are at significant risk of exposure to MC-LR through drinking water, consuming contaminated food, or inhalation of aerosols containing MC-LR. This article systematically summarizes the formation, fate, and distribution of MC-LR in the body, and explores its toxic effects and mechanisms on the multiple organs containing intestines, liver and kidneys. The study comparatively elucidated MC-LR exerted toxicity including abnormal cell proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis primarily through the following classical mechanisms: (1) inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thereby affecting signaling pathways such as JNK/P38, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT; (2) inducing oxidative stress. Additionally, we summarized new mechanisms: (1) MC-LR affects mitophagy or induces mitochondrial structure damage; (2) MC-LR can induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which in turn causes liver and kidney damage via the "gut-liver" axis and "gut-kidney" axis. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the multi-organ toxic effects induced by MC-LR, elucidates potential specific and shared toxic mechanistic pathways and proposes some future research directions to mitigate MC-LR-associated health risks. |
| title | Research progress of microcystin-LR toxicity to the intestine, liver, and kidney and its mechanism. |
| topic | Microcystins Marine Toxins Liver Kidney Humans Animals Intestines Gastrointestinal Microbiome |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40460709/ |