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Main Authors:	Preuss, Anika, Schwaha, Thomas, Kovalev, Alexander, Ebmer, David, Herzog, Insa, Lehnert, Kristina, Grass, Corvin, Sandberg, Freya, Hamann, Elias, Zuber, Marcus, van de Kamp, Thomas, Gorb, Stanislav N
Format:	Artículo científico
Language:	en
Published:	Communications biology 2025
Subjects:	Animals Trachea Oxygen Seals, Earless Respiration Diving
Online Access:	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40461816/
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author	Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N
author_facet	Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N
collection	PubMed - marine biology
contents	The ectoparasitic seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, relies on a sealed tracheal system and spiracle closing apparatus for underwater respiration. Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N Animals Trachea Oxygen Seals, Earless Respiration Diving Marine mammals host a diverse array of parasites engaged in a continuous evolutionary arms race. However, our understanding of the biology of parasitic insects associated with marine mammals, particularly their adaptations to challenging marine environments, remains limited. The seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, which infests true seals, is one of thirteen insect species capable of enduring prolonged dives in open seas. This ectoparasite has evolved several adaptations to withstand extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels (hypoxia), temperature fluctuations, hydrostatic pressure, and strong drag forces during dives. To prevent drowning during their host's 20-35 min dives, seal lice have developed specialized respiratory mechanisms that allow them to survive in oxygen-poor waters and at depths up to 600 m. Advanced imaging techniques, including CLSM, SEM, synchrotron X-ray microtomography, and histological sectioning and 3D-reconstruction, have revealed a specialized spiracle closing apparatus for storing oxygen in their tracheal system. Furthermore, our buoyancy experiments showed that the lice consume oxygen under water and, with morphological data, provide what is to our knowledge the first direct evidence against plastron presence. These findings enhance our understanding of the physical adaptations of lice and their survival in extreme ecological conditions, contributing to broader ecological and evolutionary theories.
format	Artículo científico
id	pubmed_40461816
institution	PubMed
language	en
publishDate	2025
publisher	Communications biology
record_format	pubmed
spellingShingle	The ectoparasitic seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, relies on a sealed tracheal system and spiracle closing apparatus for underwater respiration. Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N Animals Trachea Oxygen Seals, Earless Respiration Diving The ectoparasitic seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, relies on a sealed tracheal system and spiracle closing apparatus for underwater respiration. Preuss, Anika Schwaha, Thomas Kovalev, Alexander Ebmer, David Herzog, Insa Lehnert, Kristina Grass, Corvin Sandberg, Freya Hamann, Elias Zuber, Marcus van de Kamp, Thomas Gorb, Stanislav N Animals Trachea Oxygen Seals, Earless Respiration Diving Marine mammals host a diverse array of parasites engaged in a continuous evolutionary arms race. However, our understanding of the biology of parasitic insects associated with marine mammals, particularly their adaptations to challenging marine environments, remains limited. The seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, which infests true seals, is one of thirteen insect species capable of enduring prolonged dives in open seas. This ectoparasite has evolved several adaptations to withstand extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels (hypoxia), temperature fluctuations, hydrostatic pressure, and strong drag forces during dives. To prevent drowning during their host's 20-35 min dives, seal lice have developed specialized respiratory mechanisms that allow them to survive in oxygen-poor waters and at depths up to 600 m. Advanced imaging techniques, including CLSM, SEM, synchrotron X-ray microtomography, and histological sectioning and 3D-reconstruction, have revealed a specialized spiracle closing apparatus for storing oxygen in their tracheal system. Furthermore, our buoyancy experiments showed that the lice consume oxygen under water and, with morphological data, provide what is to our knowledge the first direct evidence against plastron presence. These findings enhance our understanding of the physical adaptations of lice and their survival in extreme ecological conditions, contributing to broader ecological and evolutionary theories.
title	The ectoparasitic seal louse, Echinophthirius horridus, relies on a sealed tracheal system and spiracle closing apparatus for underwater respiration.
topic	Animals Trachea Oxygen Seals, Earless Respiration Diving
url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40461816/

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