Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills of in response to parasitic infection.
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Frontiers in immunology
2025
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| author | Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua |
| author_facet | Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills of in response to parasitic infection. Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua Animals Gills Single-Cell Analysis Fish Diseases Transcriptome Leukocytes Ciliophora Infections Ciliophora Gene Expression Profiling Perciformes Fish gills serve as critical immune interfaces against aquatic pathogens, yet their leukocyte heterogeneity in response to parasitic infections remains poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to elucidate leukocyte responses in the gills of during infection. A total of 13,070 leukocytes from the gills under steady-state and infected conditions were profiled and classified into eight principal lineages: T cells (> 70% of total immune cells), ILC2-like cells, NK-like cells, neutrophils, granulocytes, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Following infection, T cell subsets exhibited distinct responses: Regulatory T cells expanded and demonstrated immunoregulatory capacity; CD8 T cells exhibited cytotoxic responses; CD4CD8 T cells displayed Th17-like functions; and γδ T cells showed Th2-like activity. ILC2-like cells significantly increased in abundance and upregulated type 2 cytokine expression, whereas cytotoxic NK-like cells enhanced chemokine signaling and cytotoxicity. Neutrophils increased in number and oxidative activity, while granulocytes highlighted immunomodulatory functions. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells exhibited compartmentalized activation states, upregulating gene modules associated with pathogen recognition, antigen processing/presentation, chemotactic activity, and antibody defenses. These findings describe a multi-layered immune cell defense strategy in the gills of teleosts against parasitic infection, showing conserved and fish-specific adaptations. Understanding gill immunity provides viable targets for enhancing parasite resistance in aquaculture, such as modulating ILC2/Treg pathways to prevent infections. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_40821846 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Frontiers in immunology |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills of in response to parasitic infection. Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua Animals Gills Single-Cell Analysis Fish Diseases Transcriptome Leukocytes Ciliophora Infections Ciliophora Gene Expression Profiling Perciformes Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills of in response to parasitic infection. Li, Qiuhua Wang, Meiyan Li, Chenhao Tran, Ngoc Tuan Ao, Jingqun Li, Shengkang Chen, Xinhua Animals Gills Single-Cell Analysis Fish Diseases Transcriptome Leukocytes Ciliophora Infections Ciliophora Gene Expression Profiling Perciformes Fish gills serve as critical immune interfaces against aquatic pathogens, yet their leukocyte heterogeneity in response to parasitic infections remains poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to elucidate leukocyte responses in the gills of during infection. A total of 13,070 leukocytes from the gills under steady-state and infected conditions were profiled and classified into eight principal lineages: T cells (> 70% of total immune cells), ILC2-like cells, NK-like cells, neutrophils, granulocytes, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Following infection, T cell subsets exhibited distinct responses: Regulatory T cells expanded and demonstrated immunoregulatory capacity; CD8 T cells exhibited cytotoxic responses; CD4CD8 T cells displayed Th17-like functions; and γδ T cells showed Th2-like activity. ILC2-like cells significantly increased in abundance and upregulated type 2 cytokine expression, whereas cytotoxic NK-like cells enhanced chemokine signaling and cytotoxicity. Neutrophils increased in number and oxidative activity, while granulocytes highlighted immunomodulatory functions. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells exhibited compartmentalized activation states, upregulating gene modules associated with pathogen recognition, antigen processing/presentation, chemotactic activity, and antibody defenses. These findings describe a multi-layered immune cell defense strategy in the gills of teleosts against parasitic infection, showing conserved and fish-specific adaptations. Understanding gill immunity provides viable targets for enhancing parasite resistance in aquaculture, such as modulating ILC2/Treg pathways to prevent infections. |
| title | Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills of in response to parasitic infection. |
| topic | Animals Gills Single-Cell Analysis Fish Diseases Transcriptome Leukocytes Ciliophora Infections Ciliophora Gene Expression Profiling Perciformes |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40821846/ |