FL496, an FL118-derived small molecule, induces growth inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and exhibits anti-MPM tumor efficacy strikingly superior to the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination.
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR
2025
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| author | Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi |
| author_facet | Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | FL496, an FL118-derived small molecule, induces growth inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and exhibits anti-MPM tumor efficacy strikingly superior to the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination. Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi Humans Pemetrexed Animals Mesothelioma, Malignant Mice Apoptosis Cisplatin Cellular Senescence Cell Line, Tumor Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays Pleural Neoplasms Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Cell Proliferation Mice, SCID Mesothelioma Lung Neoplasms Disease Models, Animal Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is a highly progressive malignancy with a median survival time of only 6-9 months. Therefore, the development of anti-MPM tumor agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgent and addresses an unmet need for MPM patients. Medicinal chemistry synthesis of small molecules based on the FL118 drug platform were further comparatively investigated using multiple MPM and osteosarcoma cell/tumor in vitro and/or in vivo models. The method includes cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, colony formation assay, immunocytochemical staining, β-galactosidase senescence staining, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation cell death detection, vector-free CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout, bioinformatic analysis, FL496 efficacy determination using severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with human MPM tumor, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of MPM tumors. Here, we report that we identified a novel FL118-derived small molecule (FL496). FL496 appears to be strikingly more effective in inhibiting MPM tumor growth in MPM tumor animal models than the currently most prevalent pemetrexed-cisplatin combination in the clinic. The treatment of MPM cells with FL496 rapidly induced p53 and p21 accumulation, and Rb and p-Rb inhibition, which were associated with MPM cell senescence and G/G arrest and apoptosis. Knockout (KO) of the TP53/p53 gene decreased the ability of FL496 to inhibit MPM cell growth (i.e., increase FL496 IC values) and colony formation. FL496-treated MPM cells resulted in strong inhibition of the expression of survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and the induction of active caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and PUMA, which were further confirmed using MPM tumor tissues via IHC analysis. High survivin in MPM patients' tumors is associated with poor patient survival. Similar to FL118, FL496 treatment reduces DDX5 expression in MPM cells, but FL496 is more potent than FL118 in inhibiting MPM cell growth. Therefore, the mechanism of action (MOA) of FL496 overlaps with, but is likely beyond the scope of FL118 MOA, which needs further investigation. Together, these results indicate that FL496 is a promising anti-MPM small molecule, and its high anti-MPM potential is worthy of being further explored as a monotherapeutic agent to treat MPM patients in clinical trials. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41121175 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | FL496, an FL118-derived small molecule, induces growth inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and exhibits anti-MPM tumor efficacy strikingly superior to the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination. Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi Humans Pemetrexed Animals Mesothelioma, Malignant Mice Apoptosis Cisplatin Cellular Senescence Cell Line, Tumor Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays Pleural Neoplasms Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Cell Proliferation Mice, SCID Mesothelioma Lung Neoplasms Disease Models, Animal FL496, an FL118-derived small molecule, induces growth inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and exhibits anti-MPM tumor efficacy strikingly superior to the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination. Aljahdali, Ieman A M Ling, Xiang Wu, Wenjie Wang, Wenchao Li, Dan Zhang, Renyuan Zhang, Emma Stablewski, Aimee Azrak, Rami Li, Qingyong Li, Fengzhi Humans Pemetrexed Animals Mesothelioma, Malignant Mice Apoptosis Cisplatin Cellular Senescence Cell Line, Tumor Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays Pleural Neoplasms Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Cell Proliferation Mice, SCID Mesothelioma Lung Neoplasms Disease Models, Animal Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is a highly progressive malignancy with a median survival time of only 6-9 months. Therefore, the development of anti-MPM tumor agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgent and addresses an unmet need for MPM patients. Medicinal chemistry synthesis of small molecules based on the FL118 drug platform were further comparatively investigated using multiple MPM and osteosarcoma cell/tumor in vitro and/or in vivo models. The method includes cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, colony formation assay, immunocytochemical staining, β-galactosidase senescence staining, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation cell death detection, vector-free CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout, bioinformatic analysis, FL496 efficacy determination using severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with human MPM tumor, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of MPM tumors. Here, we report that we identified a novel FL118-derived small molecule (FL496). FL496 appears to be strikingly more effective in inhibiting MPM tumor growth in MPM tumor animal models than the currently most prevalent pemetrexed-cisplatin combination in the clinic. The treatment of MPM cells with FL496 rapidly induced p53 and p21 accumulation, and Rb and p-Rb inhibition, which were associated with MPM cell senescence and G/G arrest and apoptosis. Knockout (KO) of the TP53/p53 gene decreased the ability of FL496 to inhibit MPM cell growth (i.e., increase FL496 IC values) and colony formation. FL496-treated MPM cells resulted in strong inhibition of the expression of survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and the induction of active caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and PUMA, which were further confirmed using MPM tumor tissues via IHC analysis. High survivin in MPM patients' tumors is associated with poor patient survival. Similar to FL118, FL496 treatment reduces DDX5 expression in MPM cells, but FL496 is more potent than FL118 in inhibiting MPM cell growth. Therefore, the mechanism of action (MOA) of FL496 overlaps with, but is likely beyond the scope of FL118 MOA, which needs further investigation. Together, these results indicate that FL496 is a promising anti-MPM small molecule, and its high anti-MPM potential is worthy of being further explored as a monotherapeutic agent to treat MPM patients in clinical trials. |
| title | FL496, an FL118-derived small molecule, induces growth inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells, and exhibits anti-MPM tumor efficacy strikingly superior to the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination. |
| topic | Humans Pemetrexed Animals Mesothelioma, Malignant Mice Apoptosis Cisplatin Cellular Senescence Cell Line, Tumor Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays Pleural Neoplasms Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Cell Proliferation Mice, SCID Mesothelioma Lung Neoplasms Disease Models, Animal |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41121175/ |