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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Water research
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41354004/ |
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Table of Contents:
- Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment, and driving factors of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the river-to-sea systems of China Between 2004 and 2024. Li, Min Wu, Kaiyi Zhu, Jialiang Pang, Zijun Wu, Haizhen Qiu, Guanglei Wei, Chaohai China Rivers Water Pollutants, Chemical Fluorocarbons Environmental Monitoring The environmental behaviors and drivers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remained poorly understood in the river-to-sea systems of China. In this study, a dataset, comprising 41,492 entries of 180 legacy and emerging PFAS, was constructed based on the literatures between 2004 and 2024. Traditional PFAS remained dominated, with perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) at μg/L levels due to long-term industrial use and persistence. Emerging PFAS showed lower concentrations with a constant increase, reflecting a shift towards alternative fluorinated compounds. Moreover, post-2015 phase-out policies and emission controls have reduced traditional PFAS while driven the rise of emerging alternatives, highlighting the relevance of involving these chemicals for future regulations. PFAS distribution is shaped by regional industrial intensity. Compared with other river basins, the Liao and Yellow Rivers showed the highest PFAS concentrations owing to the dense presence of fluoropolymer, textile, and electroplating industries. Additionally, lower PFAS levels in adjacent marine waters may result from source heterogeneity, natural and engineered removal, and hydrodynamic dilution. Statistical analysis showed that fluoropolymer production and food packaging were the dominant PFAS sources, accounting for 75.6 %, followed by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) use, consumer products, and electrochemical fluorination. PFAS distribution is jointly shaped by four key drivers: socio-economic development, water pollution, natural environment, and agricultural production. This study calls for adaptive management linking human actions and natural responses to support river-sea governance and ecological sustainability.