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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Environmental science & technology
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41474322/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266105532841985 |
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| author | DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua |
| author_facet | DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Identification of Factors Influencing Variability in Disinfection Byproducts and Their Toxicity in Chlorinated and Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems across the United States. DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua Drinking Water Disinfection United States Disinfectants Halogenation Water Purification Water Pollutants, Chemical Chloramines Water Supply Water Quality Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are dynamic environments where disinfection byproducts (DBPs) form and transform, shaped by factors such as the disinfectant type, water chemistry, biofilms, and pipe materials. Understanding the occurrence and drivers of DBP formation within DWDSs is essential for evaluating water quality and potential health risks. This study examined DBP occurrence and variability across eight utilities in the United States, three using chlorination and five using chloramination (as secondary/residual disinfectants), by analyzing 152 quarterly samples collected from multiple locations within each distribution system. Regulated DBPs were found at the highest concentrations. Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) contributed most to the predicted toxicity. Spearman correlations, redundancy discriminant analysis, and random forest regression revealed how key influencing predictors of DBPs vary between chlorinated and chloraminated systems. Elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and primary disinfectant type were the two most important contributors to DBP formation, with DOC most influential in chloraminated systems and primary disinfectant type (HOCl vs O) in chlorinated systems. Variations in DBP concentrations within individual DWDS showed a weak dependence on water age. This study provides a novel data set linking DBP occurrence to water quality parameters and demonstrates how such data can be leveraged to understand DBP dynamics and inform future risk management in water distribution systems. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41474322 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Environmental science & technology |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Identification of Factors Influencing Variability in Disinfection Byproducts and Their Toxicity in Chlorinated and Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems across the United States. DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua Drinking Water Disinfection United States Disinfectants Halogenation Water Purification Water Pollutants, Chemical Chloramines Water Supply Water Quality Identification of Factors Influencing Variability in Disinfection Byproducts and Their Toxicity in Chlorinated and Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems across the United States. DiLoreto, Samantha He, Huanqi Yang, Jinhao Milne, Patrick Li, Jiaqi Impellitteri, Christopher A Stubbins, Aron Pinto, Ameet Huang, Ching-Hua Drinking Water Disinfection United States Disinfectants Halogenation Water Purification Water Pollutants, Chemical Chloramines Water Supply Water Quality Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are dynamic environments where disinfection byproducts (DBPs) form and transform, shaped by factors such as the disinfectant type, water chemistry, biofilms, and pipe materials. Understanding the occurrence and drivers of DBP formation within DWDSs is essential for evaluating water quality and potential health risks. This study examined DBP occurrence and variability across eight utilities in the United States, three using chlorination and five using chloramination (as secondary/residual disinfectants), by analyzing 152 quarterly samples collected from multiple locations within each distribution system. Regulated DBPs were found at the highest concentrations. Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) contributed most to the predicted toxicity. Spearman correlations, redundancy discriminant analysis, and random forest regression revealed how key influencing predictors of DBPs vary between chlorinated and chloraminated systems. Elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and primary disinfectant type were the two most important contributors to DBP formation, with DOC most influential in chloraminated systems and primary disinfectant type (HOCl vs O) in chlorinated systems. Variations in DBP concentrations within individual DWDS showed a weak dependence on water age. This study provides a novel data set linking DBP occurrence to water quality parameters and demonstrates how such data can be leveraged to understand DBP dynamics and inform future risk management in water distribution systems. |
| title | Identification of Factors Influencing Variability in Disinfection Byproducts and Their Toxicity in Chlorinated and Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems across the United States. |
| topic | Drinking Water Disinfection United States Disinfectants Halogenation Water Purification Water Pollutants, Chemical Chloramines Water Supply Water Quality |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41474322/ |