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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Nature communications
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41507173/ |
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Table of Contents:
- Co-occurrence of diverse defense systems shapes complex microbe-virus relationships in deep-sea cold seeps. Han, Yingchun Liao, Jing Li, Chengpeng Xing, Fengmin Peng, Jiaxue Liu, Xinyue Xie, Wentao Wu, Fabai Jian, Huahua Cheng, Rui Dong, Xiyang Genome, Viral Archaea Viruses Seawater Bacteria Metagenome Phylogeny Ecosystem Cold Temperature Geologic Sediments Cold seeps host diverse microbes and viruses with numerous unexplored defense and anti-defense systems. Analysis of 3813 microbial and 13,336 viral genomes from 191 metagenomes across 17 cold seep sites reveals extensive microbial defense repertoires, with over 60% representing candidate systems. Experimental validation confirms that several candidates protect against viral infection. These defense systems frequently co-occur, suggesting potential synergistic interactions, and are broadly distributed across sediments. In response, viruses have evolved diverse anti-defense genes, and the concurrent presence of multiple viral and microbial systems highlights intricate coevolution. Functionally critical lineages, such as anaerobic methanotrophic archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and diazotrophs, appear to modify their defensive strategies under ecological and environmental pressures; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria harbor multiple Gabija systems while corresponding viruses carry anti-Gabija genes, illustrating specific coevolutionary adaptations. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of virus-microbe interactions in shaping microbial metabolic functions and environmental adaptation in deep-sea ecosystems.