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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Journal of hazardous materials
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41518803/ |
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Table of Contents:
- Molecular and histopathological mechanisms underlying pesticide-induced disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Japanese medaka. Jawad, Muhammad Nasir, Sana Xu, Haijing Wang, Yaling Qin, Shijun Wang, Aimin Hong, Ni Li, Mingyou Animals Oryzias Pyrethrins Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Male Triazoles Nitriles Water Pollutants, Chemical Female Testis Pesticides Spermatogenesis Oxidative Stress Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Gonads The widespread use of pesticides has raised serious concerns about their combined impact on aquatic life; however, the underlying mechanisms of reproductive toxicity remain poorly defined. Adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed for 60 days to fenvalerate (FEN, 0.039 mg/L), tebuconazole (TEB, 1.0 mg/L), or their combination (FEN + TEB, 0.01 mg/L + 0.5 mg/L) to evaluate single and mixture-induced disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Long-term exposure to either FEN or TEB significantly reduced fertilization, hatchability, and survival rates, with the combined exposure group exhibiting the most severe adverse effects. Gonadal histological assessment revealed severe degenerative alterations, disrupted spermatogenesis, and reduction of germ cells, follicular atresia, and loss of structural integrity. Transcriptional profiling further demonstrated broad disturbances across the HPG axis, with significant downregulation of cyp19a1, dmrt1, fshr, gnrh1, gnrh2, lhβ, and star, alongside altered transcription of erα, erβ, fshβ, vtg1, and vtg2 in a sex-dependent pattern. The observed impairment of gametogenesis is likely attributable to dysregulated transcriptional control, as molecular docking revealed stable binding of FEN and TEB to Dmrt1 and aromatase (Cyp19a1). In addition, biochemical assays confirmed that co-exposure to FEN and TEB also led to oxidative stress and immune suppression, reflected by reductions in CAT, GSH-PX, LZM, and SOD activities and elevated MDA levels. These findings provide integrated molecular and histopathological evidence that FEN and TEB synergistically disrupt endocrine signaling, trigger oxidative imbalance, and impair gonadal integrity in fish, highlighting the ecological risks associated with pesticide mixtures in aquatic environments.