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Main Authors: Kawamorita, Hiroki, Fujiwara, Haruka, Fujita, Keito, Hozumi, Akiko, Udagawa, Sumio, Yoshida, Ryuta, Kiyomoto, Masato, Sasakura, Yasunori, Ogasawara, Michio
Format: Artículo científico
Language:en
Published: Cell and tissue research 2026
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Online Access:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41543552/
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author Kawamorita, Hiroki
Fujiwara, Haruka
Fujita, Keito
Hozumi, Akiko
Udagawa, Sumio
Yoshida, Ryuta
Kiyomoto, Masato
Sasakura, Yasunori
Ogasawara, Michio
author_facet Kawamorita, Hiroki
Fujiwara, Haruka
Fujita, Keito
Hozumi, Akiko
Udagawa, Sumio
Yoshida, Ryuta
Kiyomoto, Masato
Sasakura, Yasunori
Ogasawara, Michio
Kawamorita, Hiroki
Fujiwara, Haruka
Fujita, Keito
Hozumi, Akiko
Udagawa, Sumio
Yoshida, Ryuta
Kiyomoto, Masato
Sasakura, Yasunori
Ogasawara, Michio
collection PubMed - marine biology
contents Possible functional origin of TPO-like genes in chordates revealed by their pleiotropic expression and disturbed phenomena in protochordates. Kawamorita, Hiroki Fujiwara, Haruka Fujita, Keito Hozumi, Akiko Udagawa, Sumio Yoshida, Ryuta Kiyomoto, Masato Sasakura, Yasunori Ogasawara, Michio Animals Iodide Peroxidase Phylogeny Genetic Pleiotropy Chordata Amino Acid Sequence Evolution, Molecular Mammalian thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a thyroid-specific peroxidase involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, has a characteristic hydrophobic region in the C-terminus (HRC) that anchors peroxidase to the apical membrane of epithelial follicle cells. Protochordates (lancelets and ascidians) have TPO-like (TPOL) peroxidases with or without HRC, and their expression has been reported in the endostyle. We herein investigated the molecular structures of TPOL in protochordates and TPO relatives in vertebrates, including eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and lactoperoxidase, with a focus on the existence of HRC. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis implied that ancestral chordates evolved HRC-containing peroxidases, and mammalian TPO maintained HRC despite many TPO relatives losing it. Gene expression profiles revealed by in situ hybridization and an RNA-seq analysis showed that transcripts of TPOL genes in protochordates were distributed to pharyngeal epithelia in addition to the endostyle. Furthermore, disturbances in TPO activity by a thiourea treatment and gene knockdown experiments resulted in a deficiency of pharyngeal mucus-sheets. Collectively, these results suggest that HRC-containing TPOL was originally involved in pharyngeal mucus-sheet formation for suspension feeding in ancestral chordates, and HRC may have evolved to maintain peroxidase anchoring to the apical surface of pharyngeal epithelia.
format Artículo científico
id pubmed_41543552
institution PubMed
language en
publishDate 2026
publisher Cell and tissue research
record_format pubmed
spellingShingle Possible functional origin of TPO-like genes in chordates revealed by their pleiotropic expression and disturbed phenomena in protochordates.
Kawamorita, Hiroki
Fujiwara, Haruka
Fujita, Keito
Hozumi, Akiko
Udagawa, Sumio
Yoshida, Ryuta
Kiyomoto, Masato
Sasakura, Yasunori
Ogasawara, Michio
Animals
Iodide Peroxidase
Phylogeny
Genetic Pleiotropy
Chordata
Amino Acid Sequence
Evolution, Molecular
Possible functional origin of TPO-like genes in chordates revealed by their pleiotropic expression and disturbed phenomena in protochordates. Kawamorita, Hiroki Fujiwara, Haruka Fujita, Keito Hozumi, Akiko Udagawa, Sumio Yoshida, Ryuta Kiyomoto, Masato Sasakura, Yasunori Ogasawara, Michio Animals Iodide Peroxidase Phylogeny Genetic Pleiotropy Chordata Amino Acid Sequence Evolution, Molecular Mammalian thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a thyroid-specific peroxidase involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, has a characteristic hydrophobic region in the C-terminus (HRC) that anchors peroxidase to the apical membrane of epithelial follicle cells. Protochordates (lancelets and ascidians) have TPO-like (TPOL) peroxidases with or without HRC, and their expression has been reported in the endostyle. We herein investigated the molecular structures of TPOL in protochordates and TPO relatives in vertebrates, including eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and lactoperoxidase, with a focus on the existence of HRC. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis implied that ancestral chordates evolved HRC-containing peroxidases, and mammalian TPO maintained HRC despite many TPO relatives losing it. Gene expression profiles revealed by in situ hybridization and an RNA-seq analysis showed that transcripts of TPOL genes in protochordates were distributed to pharyngeal epithelia in addition to the endostyle. Furthermore, disturbances in TPO activity by a thiourea treatment and gene knockdown experiments resulted in a deficiency of pharyngeal mucus-sheets. Collectively, these results suggest that HRC-containing TPOL was originally involved in pharyngeal mucus-sheet formation for suspension feeding in ancestral chordates, and HRC may have evolved to maintain peroxidase anchoring to the apical surface of pharyngeal epithelia.
title Possible functional origin of TPO-like genes in chordates revealed by their pleiotropic expression and disturbed phenomena in protochordates.
topic Animals
Iodide Peroxidase
Phylogeny
Genetic Pleiotropy
Chordata
Amino Acid Sequence
Evolution, Molecular
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41543552/