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Main Authors:	Kim, Jisu, Park, Soo-Jin, Lee, Yeo Jin, Hwang, Hyeon-Jeong, Kim, Eun La, Nam, Youngsang, Park, Jong-Duk, Seyedsayamdost, Mohammad R, Yun, Hwayoung, Lee, Seoung Rak
Format:	Artículo científico
Language:	en
Published:	Archiv der Pharmazie 2026
Subjects:	Th2 Cells Anti-Allergic Agents Rhodobacteraceae Haptophyta Animals Secondary Metabolism Cell Differentiation Humans Coumaric Acids
Online Access:	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41590551/
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Algal-Bacterial Interaction-Driven Secondary Metabolites From Phaeobacter inhibens and Their Anti-Allergic Effects on Th2 Cell Immune Response. Kim, Jisu Park, Soo-Jin Lee, Yeo Jin Hwang, Hyeon-Jeong Kim, Eun La Nam, Youngsang Park, Jong-Duk Seyedsayamdost, Mohammad R Yun, Hwayoung Lee, Seoung Rak Th2 Cells Anti-Allergic Agents Rhodobacteraceae Haptophyta Animals Secondary Metabolism Cell Differentiation Humans Coumaric Acids The Roseobacter clade, a versatile Rhodobacteraceae lineage, comprises up to 20% of marine bacteria and drives key biogeochemical cycles. Phaeobacter inhibens, a representative model species, is associated with the alga Emiliania huxleyi, exhibiting a dual lifestyle that alternates between promoting symbiotic growth and displaying pathogenicity during algal senescence. In this study, we investigated the metabolic responses of P. inhibens cultured with sinapic acid, an algal-derived lignin catabolite known to modulate algal-bacterial interactions. Detailed LC-MS/UV-guided analysis of the sinapic acid-treated culture identified 10 metabolites, including two new compounds, roseochelins C (1) and D (2). All isolated compounds were tested for anti-allergic effects in Th2 cell-mediated immune responses, and sinatryptin A (4) showed the strongest activity by reducing Th2 cytokine production and blocking Th2 differentiation through inhibition of the IL-4/STAT6-GATA3/IRF4 pathway. These findings expand the chemical diversity of algal-bacterial interactions, and anti-allergic assays of the isolated metabolites highlight the potential of Roseobacter-derived compounds as novel bioactive resources.

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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