Marine Derived Natural Products: Emerging Therapeutics Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Biomolecules
2026
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| _version_ | 1868266095154036737 |
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| author | Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming |
| author_facet | Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Marine Derived Natural Products: Emerging Therapeutics Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming Humans Antiviral Agents Biological Products Animals Herpes Simplex Aquatic Organisms Herpesvirus 1, Human Simplexvirus Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are highly prevalent human pathogens that establish lifelong latency in sensory neurons, posing a persistent challenge to global public health. Their clinical manifestations range from mild, self-limiting orolabial lesions to severe, life-threatening conditions such as disseminated neonatal infections, focal encephalitis, and herpetic stromal keratitis, which can lead to irreversible corneal blindness. Beyond direct pathology, HSV-mediated genital ulcerative disease (GUD) significantly enhances mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections, amplifying co-infection risk and disease burden. Despite decades of clinical reliance on nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir, the therapeutic landscape has stagnated with rising antiviral resistance, toxicity associated with prolonged use, and the complete inability of current drugs to eliminate latency or prevent reactivation continue to undermine effective disease control. These persistent gaps underscore an urgent need for next-generation antivirals that operate through fundamentally new mechanisms. Marine ecosystems, the planet's most chemically diverse environments, are providing an expanding repertoire of antiviral compounds with significant therapeutic promise. Recent discoveries reveal that marine-derived polysaccharides, sulfated glycans, peptides, alkaloids, and microbial metabolites exhibit remarkably potent and multi-targeted anti-HSV activities, disrupting viral attachment, fusion, replication, and egress, while also reshaping host antiviral immunity. Together, these agents showcase mechanisms and scaffolds entirely distinct from existing therapeutics. This review integrates emerging evidence on structural diversity, mechanistic breadth, and translational promise of marine natural products with anti-HSV activity. Collectively, these advances position marine-derived compounds as powerful, untapped scaffolds capable of reshaping the future of HSV therapeutics. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41594640 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Biomolecules |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Marine Derived Natural Products: Emerging Therapeutics Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming Humans Antiviral Agents Biological Products Animals Herpes Simplex Aquatic Organisms Herpesvirus 1, Human Simplexvirus Marine Derived Natural Products: Emerging Therapeutics Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Tiwari, Vaibhav Elste, James Wang, Chunyu Zhang, Fuming Humans Antiviral Agents Biological Products Animals Herpes Simplex Aquatic Organisms Herpesvirus 1, Human Simplexvirus Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are highly prevalent human pathogens that establish lifelong latency in sensory neurons, posing a persistent challenge to global public health. Their clinical manifestations range from mild, self-limiting orolabial lesions to severe, life-threatening conditions such as disseminated neonatal infections, focal encephalitis, and herpetic stromal keratitis, which can lead to irreversible corneal blindness. Beyond direct pathology, HSV-mediated genital ulcerative disease (GUD) significantly enhances mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections, amplifying co-infection risk and disease burden. Despite decades of clinical reliance on nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir, the therapeutic landscape has stagnated with rising antiviral resistance, toxicity associated with prolonged use, and the complete inability of current drugs to eliminate latency or prevent reactivation continue to undermine effective disease control. These persistent gaps underscore an urgent need for next-generation antivirals that operate through fundamentally new mechanisms. Marine ecosystems, the planet's most chemically diverse environments, are providing an expanding repertoire of antiviral compounds with significant therapeutic promise. Recent discoveries reveal that marine-derived polysaccharides, sulfated glycans, peptides, alkaloids, and microbial metabolites exhibit remarkably potent and multi-targeted anti-HSV activities, disrupting viral attachment, fusion, replication, and egress, while also reshaping host antiviral immunity. Together, these agents showcase mechanisms and scaffolds entirely distinct from existing therapeutics. This review integrates emerging evidence on structural diversity, mechanistic breadth, and translational promise of marine natural products with anti-HSV activity. Collectively, these advances position marine-derived compounds as powerful, untapped scaffolds capable of reshaping the future of HSV therapeutics. |
| title | Marine Derived Natural Products: Emerging Therapeutics Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. |
| topic | Humans Antiviral Agents Biological Products Animals Herpes Simplex Aquatic Organisms Herpesvirus 1, Human Simplexvirus |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594640/ |