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Auteurs principaux: Nagappa, Nandish M, Mero, Angelica, Husanu, Elena, Usmani, Zeba, Oliva, Matteo, Sanches, Matilde Vieira, Fumagalli, Giorgia, Mele, Andrea, Mezzetta, Andrea, Gathergood, Nicholas, Guazzelli, Lorenzo, Pretti, Carlo, Karpichev, Yevgen
Format: Artículo científico
Langue:en
Publié: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2026
Sujets:
Accès en ligne:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599312/
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author Nagappa, Nandish M
Mero, Angelica
Husanu, Elena
Usmani, Zeba
Oliva, Matteo
Sanches, Matilde Vieira
Fumagalli, Giorgia
Mele, Andrea
Mezzetta, Andrea
Gathergood, Nicholas
Guazzelli, Lorenzo
Pretti, Carlo
Karpichev, Yevgen
author_facet Nagappa, Nandish M
Mero, Angelica
Husanu, Elena
Usmani, Zeba
Oliva, Matteo
Sanches, Matilde Vieira
Fumagalli, Giorgia
Mele, Andrea
Mezzetta, Andrea
Gathergood, Nicholas
Guazzelli, Lorenzo
Pretti, Carlo
Karpichev, Yevgen
Nagappa, Nandish M
Mero, Angelica
Husanu, Elena
Usmani, Zeba
Oliva, Matteo
Sanches, Matilde Vieira
Fumagalli, Giorgia
Mele, Andrea
Mezzetta, Andrea
Gathergood, Nicholas
Guazzelli, Lorenzo
Pretti, Carlo
Karpichev, Yevgen
collection PubMed - marine biology
contents Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity Profiles of Choline Acetate, Betaine, and L-Proline NADESs: A Hidden Threat for Eutrophication? Nagappa, Nandish M Mero, Angelica Husanu, Elena Usmani, Zeba Oliva, Matteo Sanches, Matilde Vieira Fumagalli, Giorgia Mele, Andrea Mezzetta, Andrea Gathergood, Nicholas Guazzelli, Lorenzo Pretti, Carlo Karpichev, Yevgen Biodegradation, Environmental Choline Betaine Proline Eutrophication Deep Eutectic Solvents Microalgae Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), particularly Naturally Available Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs), are increasingly regarded as green solvents due to their low vapor pressure, non-flammability, thermal stability, strong solvent power, and low toxicity. In line with Green Chemistry principles, the use of renewable and biocompatible components such as amino acids, lipids, and naturally derived acids enables the development of more sustainable solvent systems. This study addresses the need for environmentally safer NADESs by evaluating their physico-chemical suitability and environmental impact. Fifteen NADESs were prepared using naturally derived components and assessed for environmental safety. Biodegradability was evaluated using the OECD 301D Closed Bottle Test (CBT), while toxicity toward was examined to characterize ecotoxicological behavior. The results demonstrated that the synthesized NADESs exhibit high biodegradability levels and low toxicity toward microalgae. Toxicity control indicated no significant inhibition of microbial activity during biodegradation, suggesting favorable environmental compatibility. Overall, the findings indicate that the NADESs represent more sustainable solvent alternatives with low toxicological profiles. However, the potential role of these compounds in enhancing eutrophication processes cannot be excluded and warrants further investigation.
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publishDate 2026
publisher Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
record_format pubmed
spellingShingle Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity Profiles of Choline Acetate, Betaine, and L-Proline NADESs: A Hidden Threat for Eutrophication?
Nagappa, Nandish M
Mero, Angelica
Husanu, Elena
Usmani, Zeba
Oliva, Matteo
Sanches, Matilde Vieira
Fumagalli, Giorgia
Mele, Andrea
Mezzetta, Andrea
Gathergood, Nicholas
Guazzelli, Lorenzo
Pretti, Carlo
Karpichev, Yevgen
Biodegradation, Environmental
Choline
Betaine
Proline
Eutrophication
Deep Eutectic Solvents
Microalgae
Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity Profiles of Choline Acetate, Betaine, and L-Proline NADESs: A Hidden Threat for Eutrophication? Nagappa, Nandish M Mero, Angelica Husanu, Elena Usmani, Zeba Oliva, Matteo Sanches, Matilde Vieira Fumagalli, Giorgia Mele, Andrea Mezzetta, Andrea Gathergood, Nicholas Guazzelli, Lorenzo Pretti, Carlo Karpichev, Yevgen Biodegradation, Environmental Choline Betaine Proline Eutrophication Deep Eutectic Solvents Microalgae Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), particularly Naturally Available Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs), are increasingly regarded as green solvents due to their low vapor pressure, non-flammability, thermal stability, strong solvent power, and low toxicity. In line with Green Chemistry principles, the use of renewable and biocompatible components such as amino acids, lipids, and naturally derived acids enables the development of more sustainable solvent systems. This study addresses the need for environmentally safer NADESs by evaluating their physico-chemical suitability and environmental impact. Fifteen NADESs were prepared using naturally derived components and assessed for environmental safety. Biodegradability was evaluated using the OECD 301D Closed Bottle Test (CBT), while toxicity toward was examined to characterize ecotoxicological behavior. The results demonstrated that the synthesized NADESs exhibit high biodegradability levels and low toxicity toward microalgae. Toxicity control indicated no significant inhibition of microbial activity during biodegradation, suggesting favorable environmental compatibility. Overall, the findings indicate that the NADESs represent more sustainable solvent alternatives with low toxicological profiles. However, the potential role of these compounds in enhancing eutrophication processes cannot be excluded and warrants further investigation.
title Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity Profiles of Choline Acetate, Betaine, and L-Proline NADESs: A Hidden Threat for Eutrophication?
topic Biodegradation, Environmental
Choline
Betaine
Proline
Eutrophication
Deep Eutectic Solvents
Microalgae
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599312/