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author Butchart, Stuart H M
Crowe, Olivia
Scott, Tom
Plumptre, Andrew J
Eldred, Megan
McKee, Ellen
Waliczky, Zoltan
Hasani, Ibrahim Al
Azpiroz, Adrián B
Baisero, Daniele
Barasa, Fred
Beresford, Alison E
Bezeng, Bezeng S
Boyd, Charlotte
Brooks, Thomas M
Buchanan, Graeme
Bunting, Gill
Capellan, Sofia
Cox, Neil
Davenport, Tim R B
Davies, Tammy E
Togna, Gina Della
Elliott, Wendy
Foster, Matt
Gilbert, Jo
Handley, Jonathan M
Juffe-Bignoli, Diego
Jones, Victoria R
Kingston, Naomi
Kivono, Jeannot
Lamoreux, John
Langhammer, Penny F
Lewis, James
Liggitt, Bruce
Marnewick, Daniel
Matiku, Paul
McCreless, Erin
Neugarten, Rachel A
Numa, Catherine
O'Brien, Mark
Rao, Madhu
Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara
Ray, Justina C
Rijal, Samridhi
Rodríguez, Jon Paul
Sapijanskas, Jurgis
Sechrest, Wes
Sneary, Martin
Snyder, Andrew
Spiliopoulou, Konstantina
Starnes, Thomas
Tobar, Cecilia
Surya, Gautam
Tognelli, Marcelo F
Tordoff, Andrew W
Toscano, Maria G
Trisurat, Yongyut
Upgren, Amy
author_facet Butchart, Stuart H M
Crowe, Olivia
Scott, Tom
Plumptre, Andrew J
Eldred, Megan
McKee, Ellen
Waliczky, Zoltan
Hasani, Ibrahim Al
Azpiroz, Adrián B
Baisero, Daniele
Barasa, Fred
Beresford, Alison E
Bezeng, Bezeng S
Boyd, Charlotte
Brooks, Thomas M
Buchanan, Graeme
Bunting, Gill
Capellan, Sofia
Cox, Neil
Davenport, Tim R B
Davies, Tammy E
Togna, Gina Della
Elliott, Wendy
Foster, Matt
Gilbert, Jo
Handley, Jonathan M
Juffe-Bignoli, Diego
Jones, Victoria R
Kingston, Naomi
Kivono, Jeannot
Lamoreux, John
Langhammer, Penny F
Lewis, James
Liggitt, Bruce
Marnewick, Daniel
Matiku, Paul
McCreless, Erin
Neugarten, Rachel A
Numa, Catherine
O'Brien, Mark
Rao, Madhu
Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara
Ray, Justina C
Rijal, Samridhi
Rodríguez, Jon Paul
Sapijanskas, Jurgis
Sechrest, Wes
Sneary, Martin
Snyder, Andrew
Spiliopoulou, Konstantina
Starnes, Thomas
Tobar, Cecilia
Surya, Gautam
Tognelli, Marcelo F
Tordoff, Andrew W
Toscano, Maria G
Trisurat, Yongyut
Upgren, Amy
Butchart, Stuart H M
Crowe, Olivia
Scott, Tom
Plumptre, Andrew J
Eldred, Megan
McKee, Ellen
Waliczky, Zoltan
Hasani, Ibrahim Al
Azpiroz, Adrián B
Baisero, Daniele
Barasa, Fred
Beresford, Alison E
Bezeng, Bezeng S
Boyd, Charlotte
Brooks, Thomas M
Buchanan, Graeme
Bunting, Gill
Capellan, Sofia
Cox, Neil
Davenport, Tim R B
Davies, Tammy E
Togna, Gina Della
Elliott, Wendy
Foster, Matt
Gilbert, Jo
Handley, Jonathan M
Juffe-Bignoli, Diego
Jones, Victoria R
Kingston, Naomi
Kivono, Jeannot
Lamoreux, John
Langhammer, Penny F
Lewis, James
Liggitt, Bruce
Marnewick, Daniel
Matiku, Paul
McCreless, Erin
Neugarten, Rachel A
Numa, Catherine
O'Brien, Mark
Rao, Madhu
Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara
Ray, Justina C
Rijal, Samridhi
Rodríguez, Jon Paul
Sapijanskas, Jurgis
Sechrest, Wes
Sneary, Martin
Snyder, Andrew
Spiliopoulou, Konstantina
Starnes, Thomas
Tobar, Cecilia
Surya, Gautam
Tognelli, Marcelo F
Tordoff, Andrew W
Toscano, Maria G
Trisurat, Yongyut
Upgren, Amy
collection PubMed - marine biology
contents Extent, characteristics and policy applications of Key Biodiversity Areas. Butchart, Stuart H M Crowe, Olivia Scott, Tom Plumptre, Andrew J Eldred, Megan McKee, Ellen Waliczky, Zoltan Hasani, Ibrahim Al Azpiroz, Adrián B Baisero, Daniele Barasa, Fred Beresford, Alison E Bezeng, Bezeng S Boyd, Charlotte Brooks, Thomas M Buchanan, Graeme Bunting, Gill Capellan, Sofia Cox, Neil Davenport, Tim R B Davies, Tammy E Togna, Gina Della Elliott, Wendy Foster, Matt Gilbert, Jo Handley, Jonathan M Juffe-Bignoli, Diego Jones, Victoria R Kingston, Naomi Kivono, Jeannot Lamoreux, John Langhammer, Penny F Lewis, James Liggitt, Bruce Marnewick, Daniel Matiku, Paul McCreless, Erin Neugarten, Rachel A Numa, Catherine O'Brien, Mark Rao, Madhu Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara Ray, Justina C Rijal, Samridhi Rodríguez, Jon Paul Sapijanskas, Jurgis Sechrest, Wes Sneary, Martin Snyder, Andrew Spiliopoulou, Konstantina Starnes, Thomas Tobar, Cecilia Surya, Gautam Tognelli, Marcelo F Tordoff, Andrew W Toscano, Maria G Trisurat, Yongyut Upgren, Amy A global standard for the identification of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) was published 10 years ago to provide a unified set of criteria for identifying 'sites of significance for the global persistence of biodiversity'. We review the initiative's origins, the KBA identification process, characteristics of the current network, threats, policy uptake, private sector applications and future priorities. KBAs are identified using criteria with quantitative thresholds relating to threatened or geographically restricted species or ecosystems, ecological integrity, biological processes, or irreplaceability. These criteria can be applied in terrestrial, inland water, marine and subterranean environments, and to all taxonomic groups. A total of 16,596 KBAs covering 22.1 million km has been identified, with 29% of these sites in marine and 26% in freshwater ecosystems. KBAs range from 0.001 km to 712,457 km in extent, with a median size of 141 km and a mean of 1,364 km. Most (63%) qualify due to the globally threatened species they support, with 48% being important for biological processes and 39% for geographically restricted species. KBAs have been identified for 18,365 qualifying species in total, of which 37% are plants and 32% are birds. The most prevalent threats are biological resource use (hunting, logging, fishing, etc., impacting 40.8% of sites with available data), unsustainable agriculture (40.7%), human intrusions and disturbance (38.4%) and natural systems modifications (water management and fire; 33.4%). KBAs are important for delivering ecosystem services to people, both locally and globally. KBAs have had widespread impact in informing protected area designation in all regions. In total, 10,054 sites (62%) are covered completely or partially by protected areas. Hence, KBAs are highly relevant to Target 3 (and other targets) in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and to Sustainable Development Goals 14.5, 15.1, and 15.4. Indicators based on KBA data are therefore being used by the Convention on Biological Diversity and United Nations to track progress towards these targets. Many companies and financial institutions use KBAs to assess their exposure to nature-related risks and to identify opportunities for site-level, nature-positive actions. Future priorities include expanding and updating KBA assessments, and strengthening efforts to protect, conserve and safeguard these sites effectively.
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publishDate 2026
publisher Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
record_format pubmed
spellingShingle Extent, characteristics and policy applications of Key Biodiversity Areas.
Butchart, Stuart H M
Crowe, Olivia
Scott, Tom
Plumptre, Andrew J
Eldred, Megan
McKee, Ellen
Waliczky, Zoltan
Hasani, Ibrahim Al
Azpiroz, Adrián B
Baisero, Daniele
Barasa, Fred
Beresford, Alison E
Bezeng, Bezeng S
Boyd, Charlotte
Brooks, Thomas M
Buchanan, Graeme
Bunting, Gill
Capellan, Sofia
Cox, Neil
Davenport, Tim R B
Davies, Tammy E
Togna, Gina Della
Elliott, Wendy
Foster, Matt
Gilbert, Jo
Handley, Jonathan M
Juffe-Bignoli, Diego
Jones, Victoria R
Kingston, Naomi
Kivono, Jeannot
Lamoreux, John
Langhammer, Penny F
Lewis, James
Liggitt, Bruce
Marnewick, Daniel
Matiku, Paul
McCreless, Erin
Neugarten, Rachel A
Numa, Catherine
O'Brien, Mark
Rao, Madhu
Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara
Ray, Justina C
Rijal, Samridhi
Rodríguez, Jon Paul
Sapijanskas, Jurgis
Sechrest, Wes
Sneary, Martin
Snyder, Andrew
Spiliopoulou, Konstantina
Starnes, Thomas
Tobar, Cecilia
Surya, Gautam
Tognelli, Marcelo F
Tordoff, Andrew W
Toscano, Maria G
Trisurat, Yongyut
Upgren, Amy
Extent, characteristics and policy applications of Key Biodiversity Areas. Butchart, Stuart H M Crowe, Olivia Scott, Tom Plumptre, Andrew J Eldred, Megan McKee, Ellen Waliczky, Zoltan Hasani, Ibrahim Al Azpiroz, Adrián B Baisero, Daniele Barasa, Fred Beresford, Alison E Bezeng, Bezeng S Boyd, Charlotte Brooks, Thomas M Buchanan, Graeme Bunting, Gill Capellan, Sofia Cox, Neil Davenport, Tim R B Davies, Tammy E Togna, Gina Della Elliott, Wendy Foster, Matt Gilbert, Jo Handley, Jonathan M Juffe-Bignoli, Diego Jones, Victoria R Kingston, Naomi Kivono, Jeannot Lamoreux, John Langhammer, Penny F Lewis, James Liggitt, Bruce Marnewick, Daniel Matiku, Paul McCreless, Erin Neugarten, Rachel A Numa, Catherine O'Brien, Mark Rao, Madhu Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara Ray, Justina C Rijal, Samridhi Rodríguez, Jon Paul Sapijanskas, Jurgis Sechrest, Wes Sneary, Martin Snyder, Andrew Spiliopoulou, Konstantina Starnes, Thomas Tobar, Cecilia Surya, Gautam Tognelli, Marcelo F Tordoff, Andrew W Toscano, Maria G Trisurat, Yongyut Upgren, Amy A global standard for the identification of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) was published 10 years ago to provide a unified set of criteria for identifying 'sites of significance for the global persistence of biodiversity'. We review the initiative's origins, the KBA identification process, characteristics of the current network, threats, policy uptake, private sector applications and future priorities. KBAs are identified using criteria with quantitative thresholds relating to threatened or geographically restricted species or ecosystems, ecological integrity, biological processes, or irreplaceability. These criteria can be applied in terrestrial, inland water, marine and subterranean environments, and to all taxonomic groups. A total of 16,596 KBAs covering 22.1 million km has been identified, with 29% of these sites in marine and 26% in freshwater ecosystems. KBAs range from 0.001 km to 712,457 km in extent, with a median size of 141 km and a mean of 1,364 km. Most (63%) qualify due to the globally threatened species they support, with 48% being important for biological processes and 39% for geographically restricted species. KBAs have been identified for 18,365 qualifying species in total, of which 37% are plants and 32% are birds. The most prevalent threats are biological resource use (hunting, logging, fishing, etc., impacting 40.8% of sites with available data), unsustainable agriculture (40.7%), human intrusions and disturbance (38.4%) and natural systems modifications (water management and fire; 33.4%). KBAs are important for delivering ecosystem services to people, both locally and globally. KBAs have had widespread impact in informing protected area designation in all regions. In total, 10,054 sites (62%) are covered completely or partially by protected areas. Hence, KBAs are highly relevant to Target 3 (and other targets) in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and to Sustainable Development Goals 14.5, 15.1, and 15.4. Indicators based on KBA data are therefore being used by the Convention on Biological Diversity and United Nations to track progress towards these targets. Many companies and financial institutions use KBAs to assess their exposure to nature-related risks and to identify opportunities for site-level, nature-positive actions. Future priorities include expanding and updating KBA assessments, and strengthening efforts to protect, conserve and safeguard these sites effectively.
title Extent, characteristics and policy applications of Key Biodiversity Areas.
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41711427/