Divergent fates and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater lakes versus marine environments.
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Sprache: | en |
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Environmental research
2026
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| _version_ | 1868266082208317442 |
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| author | Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun |
| author_facet | Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Divergent fates and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater lakes versus marine environments. Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun Water Pollution, Chemical Seawater Lakes Environmental Monitoring Fluorocarbons Marine Biology Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous synthetic chemicals widely detected in aquatic environments, and pose great threats to aquatic ecosystem due to their persistence, bioaccumulation property and ecotoxicity. Despite extensive studies on their environmental behaviors in aquatic systems, a systematic comparison of their fate between freshwater and marine systems remains lacking. This review offers one of the first systematic comparison about the occurrence and environmental fate of PFAS involving migration, transformation, bioaccumulation and ecological risks between freshwater and marine systems. Specifically, we thoroughly analyze how water-quality parameters (e.g., salinity, pH, dissolved organic matter, redox conditions, and suspended particulate matter) influence the distribution, transport and persistence of PFAS. This work reveals that the closure, long hydraulic residence times and strong sediment-water interactions of freshwater lakes promote the vertical accumulation and trophic magnification of PFAS within local food webs, whereas the open marine environment facilitates the dilution and long-distance transport of PFAS, leading to their long-term retention in top predators across broader spatial scales. Besides, freshwater lakes are more likely to accumulate short-chain and emerging PFAS, as they receive stronger watershed input and have diverse dissolved organic matter composition. In contrast, marine systems serve as long-term reservoir and long-distance transport channel for long-chain PFAS, due to their high salinity, strong dilution capacity, and complex ocean currents. The current ecological risk assessment system often neglects the heterogeneity of these systems, resulting in inaccurate assessment results. This review highlights the necessity of establishing system-specific management frameworks that distinguish different aquatic systems by targeted monitoring, process-based modeling and tailored policies to ensure accurate PFAS risk control. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41734877 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Environmental research |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Divergent fates and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater lakes versus marine environments. Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun Water Pollution, Chemical Seawater Lakes Environmental Monitoring Fluorocarbons Marine Biology Divergent fates and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater lakes versus marine environments. Zheng, Xianyao Zhao, Feiyan Xu, Zhixiang Huo, Siyue Zhan, Juhong Ren, Xiaomin Pan, Xuejun Water Pollution, Chemical Seawater Lakes Environmental Monitoring Fluorocarbons Marine Biology Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous synthetic chemicals widely detected in aquatic environments, and pose great threats to aquatic ecosystem due to their persistence, bioaccumulation property and ecotoxicity. Despite extensive studies on their environmental behaviors in aquatic systems, a systematic comparison of their fate between freshwater and marine systems remains lacking. This review offers one of the first systematic comparison about the occurrence and environmental fate of PFAS involving migration, transformation, bioaccumulation and ecological risks between freshwater and marine systems. Specifically, we thoroughly analyze how water-quality parameters (e.g., salinity, pH, dissolved organic matter, redox conditions, and suspended particulate matter) influence the distribution, transport and persistence of PFAS. This work reveals that the closure, long hydraulic residence times and strong sediment-water interactions of freshwater lakes promote the vertical accumulation and trophic magnification of PFAS within local food webs, whereas the open marine environment facilitates the dilution and long-distance transport of PFAS, leading to their long-term retention in top predators across broader spatial scales. Besides, freshwater lakes are more likely to accumulate short-chain and emerging PFAS, as they receive stronger watershed input and have diverse dissolved organic matter composition. In contrast, marine systems serve as long-term reservoir and long-distance transport channel for long-chain PFAS, due to their high salinity, strong dilution capacity, and complex ocean currents. The current ecological risk assessment system often neglects the heterogeneity of these systems, resulting in inaccurate assessment results. This review highlights the necessity of establishing system-specific management frameworks that distinguish different aquatic systems by targeted monitoring, process-based modeling and tailored policies to ensure accurate PFAS risk control. |
| title | Divergent fates and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in freshwater lakes versus marine environments. |
| topic | Water Pollution, Chemical Seawater Lakes Environmental Monitoring Fluorocarbons Marine Biology |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41734877/ |