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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Biology
2026
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| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41744672/ |
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Table of Contents:
- Comparative Analysis of Eye Traits and Visual Resolution Among Three Hatchery-Bred Giant Clams (, , ). Liu, Wanjie Li, Jun Zhao, Zhen Wei, Jinkuan Huang, Jingyue Zheng, Qisheng Qin, Yanping Ma, Haitao Yu, Ziniu Pan, Ying Zhang, Yuehuan Bivalves possess a diverse array of photoreceptive organs that are significant for their evolutionary success and systematic classification. Giant clams are the largest bivalve mollusks, with mantle tissue permanently extended in nature to maintain symbiosis with zooxanthellae and perceive environmental cues. Eyes serve as critical sensory organs for these organisms, yet the structural and functional characteristics of tridacnine eyes remain inadequately understood. This study systematically investigated the ocular traits and visual resolution of three ecologically distinct giant clam species (, , ) using morphometric analysis, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and grating stimulation assays. Significant interspecific differences were observed in eye count, diameter, and pupil-to-eye ratio (PER): exhibited the highest mean eye count (221 ± 8), the largest mean eye diameter (0.490 ± 0.082 mm), and the highest mean PER (0.363 ± 0.041). Eyes were numerically symmetric on the left and right mantles but positionally asymmetric, showing random distribution patterns along the mantle margin without fixed corresponding locations across species. All three species possessed typical pinhole eyes lacking lenses and retinas, primarily composed of filler cells, receptor cells, and sparse neurons, with symbiotic zooxanthellae distributed in the surrounding mantle tissue. Grating stimulation assays revealed resolvable stripe periods of 5.82-11.64° (), 8.62-13.16° (), and 10.15-12.26° (), confirming as the species with the highest visual resolution. These ocular variations are inferred to reflect adaptive evolution driven by ecological niches and habitat-specific factors (water depth or light intensity), while the simplified pinhole morphology is consistent with their sedentary lifestyle and metabolic dependence on symbiotic zooxanthellae. These ocular variations provide potential morphological markers for the systematic classification of Tridacninae and offer valuable insights for researchers studying the evolutionary plasticity of bivalve visual systems.