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Main Authors: Niu, Junhua, Yu, Haoze, Liu, Yongqiang, Nie, Lanheng, Nan, Bei, Zhang, Wenxin, Song, Ni, Rong, Shaoqin, Zhou, Dan, Gao, Shan
Format: Artículo científico
Language:en
Published: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41770920/
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author Niu, Junhua
Yu, Haoze
Liu, Yongqiang
Nie, Lanheng
Nan, Bei
Zhang, Wenxin
Song, Ni
Rong, Shaoqin
Zhou, Dan
Gao, Shan
author_facet Niu, Junhua
Yu, Haoze
Liu, Yongqiang
Nie, Lanheng
Nan, Bei
Zhang, Wenxin
Song, Ni
Rong, Shaoqin
Zhou, Dan
Gao, Shan
Niu, Junhua
Yu, Haoze
Liu, Yongqiang
Nie, Lanheng
Nan, Bei
Zhang, Wenxin
Song, Ni
Rong, Shaoqin
Zhou, Dan
Gao, Shan
collection PubMed - marine biology
contents A distinct subclade of AlkB family demethylases in ciliates safeguards the positional fidelity of eukaryotic N-methyladenine (6mA). Niu, Junhua Yu, Haoze Liu, Yongqiang Nie, Lanheng Nan, Bei Zhang, Wenxin Song, Ni Rong, Shaoqin Zhou, Dan Gao, Shan Adenine Tetrahymena thermophila AlkB Enzymes DNA Methylation Protozoan Proteins Transcription Initiation Site DNA N-methyladenine (6mA) is a newly recognized transcription-associated epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. While its methylation pathway has been well established, the identity of eukaryotic 6mA demethylase(s) responsible for its removal and dynamic regulation has remained elusive. Here, we identify and characterize DMT3 (TtALKBH5), an AlkB family dioxygenase in , as a 6mA demethylase in ciliates and potentially several other unicellular eukaryotes with abundant 6mA and a defined AMT1 methyltransferase (MTase) complex, supported by genetic and molecular evidence. DMT3 acts on both fully and hemimethylated ApT dinucleotides, an activity partially facilitated by a naturally occurring cysteine-to-serine substitution. Genome profiling shows that DMT3 is enriched at transcription start sites (TSSs) of 6mA-enriched genes, complementary to the occupancy pattern of the AMT1 complex, where it selectively removes spurious 6mA deposited by AMT1. Genetic disruption of DMT3-mediated demethylation, either by knockout or catalytic inactivation, leads to aberrant 6mA accumulation at TSS regions, transcriptional dysregulation, altered chromatin accessibility, and impaired initiation of sexual reproduction. Notably, simultaneous removal of DMT3 and AMT1 eliminates these defects, indicating that spurious TSS 6mA underlies transcriptional and developmental impairment.
format Artículo científico
id pubmed_41770920
institution PubMed
language en
publishDate 2026
publisher Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
record_format pubmed
spellingShingle A distinct subclade of AlkB family demethylases in ciliates safeguards the positional fidelity of eukaryotic N-methyladenine (6mA).
Niu, Junhua
Yu, Haoze
Liu, Yongqiang
Nie, Lanheng
Nan, Bei
Zhang, Wenxin
Song, Ni
Rong, Shaoqin
Zhou, Dan
Gao, Shan
Adenine
Tetrahymena thermophila
AlkB Enzymes
DNA Methylation
Protozoan Proteins
Transcription Initiation Site
A distinct subclade of AlkB family demethylases in ciliates safeguards the positional fidelity of eukaryotic N-methyladenine (6mA). Niu, Junhua Yu, Haoze Liu, Yongqiang Nie, Lanheng Nan, Bei Zhang, Wenxin Song, Ni Rong, Shaoqin Zhou, Dan Gao, Shan Adenine Tetrahymena thermophila AlkB Enzymes DNA Methylation Protozoan Proteins Transcription Initiation Site DNA N-methyladenine (6mA) is a newly recognized transcription-associated epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. While its methylation pathway has been well established, the identity of eukaryotic 6mA demethylase(s) responsible for its removal and dynamic regulation has remained elusive. Here, we identify and characterize DMT3 (TtALKBH5), an AlkB family dioxygenase in , as a 6mA demethylase in ciliates and potentially several other unicellular eukaryotes with abundant 6mA and a defined AMT1 methyltransferase (MTase) complex, supported by genetic and molecular evidence. DMT3 acts on both fully and hemimethylated ApT dinucleotides, an activity partially facilitated by a naturally occurring cysteine-to-serine substitution. Genome profiling shows that DMT3 is enriched at transcription start sites (TSSs) of 6mA-enriched genes, complementary to the occupancy pattern of the AMT1 complex, where it selectively removes spurious 6mA deposited by AMT1. Genetic disruption of DMT3-mediated demethylation, either by knockout or catalytic inactivation, leads to aberrant 6mA accumulation at TSS regions, transcriptional dysregulation, altered chromatin accessibility, and impaired initiation of sexual reproduction. Notably, simultaneous removal of DMT3 and AMT1 eliminates these defects, indicating that spurious TSS 6mA underlies transcriptional and developmental impairment.
title A distinct subclade of AlkB family demethylases in ciliates safeguards the positional fidelity of eukaryotic N-methyladenine (6mA).
topic Adenine
Tetrahymena thermophila
AlkB Enzymes
DNA Methylation
Protozoan Proteins
Transcription Initiation Site
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41770920/