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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM
2026
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| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820089/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266074577829889 |
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| author | Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S |
| author_facet | Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine, has emerged as a pivotal link between diet, microbial metabolism, and host immunity. Beyond its historical role as a marine osmolyte, TMAO engages core immune pathways-driving oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and type I interferon signaling-to shape macrophage polarization, T cell responses, and systemic immune tone. These actions place TMAO at the intersection of chronic diseases, exacerbating cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and neurodegenerative pathology while paradoxically enhancing antitumor immunity in pancreatic and breast cancers. Such duality underscores its significance as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. We discuss current advances in TMAO biology, immune mechanisms, and strategies to modulate its activity through diet, microbiome interventions, and enzymatic inhibition. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41820089 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine, has emerged as a pivotal link between diet, microbial metabolism, and host immunity. Beyond its historical role as a marine osmolyte, TMAO engages core immune pathways-driving oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and type I interferon signaling-to shape macrophage polarization, T cell responses, and systemic immune tone. These actions place TMAO at the intersection of chronic diseases, exacerbating cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and neurodegenerative pathology while paradoxically enhancing antitumor immunity in pancreatic and breast cancers. Such duality underscores its significance as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. We discuss current advances in TMAO biology, immune mechanisms, and strategies to modulate its activity through diet, microbiome interventions, and enzymatic inhibition. |
| title | Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820089/ |