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Main Authors: Mirji, Gauri, Bhat, Sajad Ahmad, Shinde, Rahul S
Format: Artículo científico
Language:en
Published: Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 2026
Online Access:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820089/
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author Mirji, Gauri
Bhat, Sajad Ahmad
Shinde, Rahul S
author_facet Mirji, Gauri
Bhat, Sajad Ahmad
Shinde, Rahul S
Mirji, Gauri
Bhat, Sajad Ahmad
Shinde, Rahul S
collection PubMed - marine biology
contents Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine, has emerged as a pivotal link between diet, microbial metabolism, and host immunity. Beyond its historical role as a marine osmolyte, TMAO engages core immune pathways-driving oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and type I interferon signaling-to shape macrophage polarization, T cell responses, and systemic immune tone. These actions place TMAO at the intersection of chronic diseases, exacerbating cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and neurodegenerative pathology while paradoxically enhancing antitumor immunity in pancreatic and breast cancers. Such duality underscores its significance as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. We discuss current advances in TMAO biology, immune mechanisms, and strategies to modulate its activity through diet, microbiome interventions, and enzymatic inhibition.
format Artículo científico
id pubmed_41820089
institution PubMed
language en
publishDate 2026
publisher Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM
record_format pubmed
spellingShingle Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders.
Mirji, Gauri
Bhat, Sajad Ahmad
Shinde, Rahul S
Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders. Mirji, Gauri Bhat, Sajad Ahmad Shinde, Rahul S Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine, has emerged as a pivotal link between diet, microbial metabolism, and host immunity. Beyond its historical role as a marine osmolyte, TMAO engages core immune pathways-driving oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and type I interferon signaling-to shape macrophage polarization, T cell responses, and systemic immune tone. These actions place TMAO at the intersection of chronic diseases, exacerbating cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and neurodegenerative pathology while paradoxically enhancing antitumor immunity in pancreatic and breast cancers. Such duality underscores its significance as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. We discuss current advances in TMAO biology, immune mechanisms, and strategies to modulate its activity through diet, microbiome interventions, and enzymatic inhibition.
title Trimethylamine-N-oxide: the microbial cue in immune-mediated disorders.
url https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820089/