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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Langue: | en |
| Publié: |
Journal of hazardous materials
2026
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| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41846138/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266071865163777 |
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| author | Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao |
| author_facet | Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Microcystin-LR-induced phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress: An integrative review of autophagy dysregulation and cross-species toxicity. Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao Microcystins Autophagy Marine Toxins Phosphorylation Animals Humans Organelles Oxidative Stress Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide cyanobacterial toxin of global concern due to its environmental persistence, chemical stability, and potential for trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. The established molecular initiating event of MC-LR toxicity is the inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2), leading to widespread phosphorylation imbalance and cellular stress. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that autophagy is frequently perturbed downstream of this primary event and contributes to the cellular and tissue-level responses to MC-LR exposure. Autophagy displays a context-dependent role. Short-term or low-dose exposure is often associated with adaptive autophagic responses that facilitate the removal of damaged organelles and partially mitigate oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, prolonged or high-dose exposure is commonly linked to impaired autophagic flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory signaling, and cell death. Current studies suggest that autophagy dysregulation in MC-LR toxicity arises from converging stress pathways, including sustained PP2A inhibition, mTOR-AMPK imbalance, oxidative and ER stress, defective mitophagy, and inflammasome activation, rather than from direct regulation of the autophagy machinery. Comparable patterns of autophagy-related disruption have been reported across mammalian and aquatic species, indicating a conserved downstream vulnerability to cyanotoxin-induced cellular stress. This review critically analyzes recent mechanistic findings and cross-species evidence to contextualize autophagy dysregulation within a broader framework of phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress in MC-LR toxicity. Finally, it highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines future research priorities, including dose-resolved mechanistic studies, integrative multi-omics approaches, and cautious evaluation of autophagy-related biomarkers in environmental risk assessment. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41846138 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Journal of hazardous materials |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Microcystin-LR-induced phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress: An integrative review of autophagy dysregulation and cross-species toxicity. Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao Microcystins Autophagy Marine Toxins Phosphorylation Animals Humans Organelles Oxidative Stress Microcystin-LR-induced phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress: An integrative review of autophagy dysregulation and cross-species toxicity. Teng, Zhuoran Shahzad, Asif Xu, Zhe Xia, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jinshan Ni, Yueli Liu, Wenjing Cui, Kun Li, Yongping Dong, Yurong Bai, Ziyuan Zhang, Peng Yang, Zhe Song, Lirong Zhang, Qiao Microcystins Autophagy Marine Toxins Phosphorylation Animals Humans Organelles Oxidative Stress Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide cyanobacterial toxin of global concern due to its environmental persistence, chemical stability, and potential for trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. The established molecular initiating event of MC-LR toxicity is the inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2), leading to widespread phosphorylation imbalance and cellular stress. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that autophagy is frequently perturbed downstream of this primary event and contributes to the cellular and tissue-level responses to MC-LR exposure. Autophagy displays a context-dependent role. Short-term or low-dose exposure is often associated with adaptive autophagic responses that facilitate the removal of damaged organelles and partially mitigate oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, prolonged or high-dose exposure is commonly linked to impaired autophagic flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory signaling, and cell death. Current studies suggest that autophagy dysregulation in MC-LR toxicity arises from converging stress pathways, including sustained PP2A inhibition, mTOR-AMPK imbalance, oxidative and ER stress, defective mitophagy, and inflammasome activation, rather than from direct regulation of the autophagy machinery. Comparable patterns of autophagy-related disruption have been reported across mammalian and aquatic species, indicating a conserved downstream vulnerability to cyanotoxin-induced cellular stress. This review critically analyzes recent mechanistic findings and cross-species evidence to contextualize autophagy dysregulation within a broader framework of phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress in MC-LR toxicity. Finally, it highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines future research priorities, including dose-resolved mechanistic studies, integrative multi-omics approaches, and cautious evaluation of autophagy-related biomarkers in environmental risk assessment. |
| title | Microcystin-LR-induced phosphorylation imbalance and organelle stress: An integrative review of autophagy dysregulation and cross-species toxicity. |
| topic | Microcystins Autophagy Marine Toxins Phosphorylation Animals Humans Organelles Oxidative Stress |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41846138/ |