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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Environmental science & technology
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41891780/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266069636939778 |
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| author | Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng |
| author_facet | Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Insights into the Arms Race between Prokaryotic Hosts and Their Viruses in Mangrove Ecosystem. Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng Wetlands Ecosystem Viruses CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells China The coevolutionary arms race between prokaryotes and viruses has driven the diversification of various microbial immune mechanisms including restriction-modification (RM) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems. While recent efforts have expanded the catalog of antiviral systems, their ecological dynamics within complex microbial communities remain underexplored. Here, we analyzed prokaryotic communities, viruses, and defense systems in mangrove habitats from Futian, China, by integrating DNA and RNA sequencing of sediment cores collected across multiple depths and seasons at two sites. Prokaryotic genomes harbored 65 distinct defense system types, representing ∼43% of known systems, with transcriptional activity dominated by , and . The key systems, including abortive infection (AbiD, AbiE, AbiU), Eleos, CRISPR-Cas, MazEF, Retron, and Wadjet, exhibited high transcriptional activity across samples. Strikingly, viruses encoded highly expressed defense systems such as AbiE and RM, despite their co-occurring prokaryotic hosts lacking detectable antiviral systems. The abundance ratio of prokaryotes and viruses with defense systems shows an opposite trend as the depth variation. Heterologous validation confirmed the antiviral efficacy of the selected systems. Our findings suggest that viral-encoded defense systems may functionally augment host immunity in mangrove habitats, revealing a nuanced coevolutionary interplay within these ecosystems. This study advances our understanding of host-virus interactions at the community level in mangrove wetland microbiomes. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41891780 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Environmental science & technology |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Insights into the Arms Race between Prokaryotic Hosts and Their Viruses in Mangrove Ecosystem. Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng Wetlands Ecosystem Viruses CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells China Insights into the Arms Race between Prokaryotic Hosts and Their Viruses in Mangrove Ecosystem. Gu, Chengxiang Gu, Jiazheng Li, Jinquan Zou, Dayu Qi, Yanling Xia, Runyue Zhou, Zhichao Li, Meng Wetlands Ecosystem Viruses CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells China The coevolutionary arms race between prokaryotes and viruses has driven the diversification of various microbial immune mechanisms including restriction-modification (RM) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems. While recent efforts have expanded the catalog of antiviral systems, their ecological dynamics within complex microbial communities remain underexplored. Here, we analyzed prokaryotic communities, viruses, and defense systems in mangrove habitats from Futian, China, by integrating DNA and RNA sequencing of sediment cores collected across multiple depths and seasons at two sites. Prokaryotic genomes harbored 65 distinct defense system types, representing ∼43% of known systems, with transcriptional activity dominated by , and . The key systems, including abortive infection (AbiD, AbiE, AbiU), Eleos, CRISPR-Cas, MazEF, Retron, and Wadjet, exhibited high transcriptional activity across samples. Strikingly, viruses encoded highly expressed defense systems such as AbiE and RM, despite their co-occurring prokaryotic hosts lacking detectable antiviral systems. The abundance ratio of prokaryotes and viruses with defense systems shows an opposite trend as the depth variation. Heterologous validation confirmed the antiviral efficacy of the selected systems. Our findings suggest that viral-encoded defense systems may functionally augment host immunity in mangrove habitats, revealing a nuanced coevolutionary interplay within these ecosystems. This study advances our understanding of host-virus interactions at the community level in mangrove wetland microbiomes. |
| title | Insights into the Arms Race between Prokaryotic Hosts and Their Viruses in Mangrove Ecosystem. |
| topic | Wetlands Ecosystem Viruses CRISPR-Cas Systems Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells China |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41891780/ |