In Vitro Evaluation of Virucidal Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted and Purified from and on Human Adenovirus Type 5 in A549 Cells.
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2026
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| author | Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana |
| author_facet | Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | In Vitro Evaluation of Virucidal Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted and Purified from and on Human Adenovirus Type 5 in A549 Cells. Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana Humans A549 Cells Adenoviruses, Human Spirulina Antiviral Agents Polysaccharides Chlorophyta Cyanobacteria Polysaccharides, Bacterial Polysaccharides derived from cyanobacteria and microalgae have attracted increasing interest as natural virucidal agents. Among them, polysaccharides from the cyanobacterium (), and the green microalgae () have shown virucidal activities, mainly against enveloped viruses, while evidence on non-enveloped viruses is still limited. In this study, the virucidal activity of purified polysaccharides extracted from (APPs) and from (DSPs) was evaluated in vitro against human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5), a non-enveloped pathogenic virus with high persistence in the environment and resistance to disinfection. The in vitro assays were carried out at concentrations previously verified as non-toxic by morphological evaluation of A549 cells after 24 and 48 h of incubation, testing two viral loads, namely, 10 and 10 tissue culture infectious dose 50% per milliliter (TCID/mL). For APPs, a possible time-dependent effect was also assessed at different contact times (15, 30 and 60 min). DSPs showed a limited virucidal effect related to the starting viral concentration, while APPs induced a consistent viral reduction (up to 98.8%) at both viral concentrations. The virucidal effect of APPs occurred rapidly and was not significantly influenced by contact time, thus suggesting that prolonged exposure is not a determining factor for polysaccharide virucidal activity. These findings demonstrate the virucidal activity of APPs against a highly resistant non-enveloped virus and provide preliminary in vitro evidence of their potential application as natural virucidal agents, particularly for environmental disinfection purposes. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and to optimize their practical use. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_41900122 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | In Vitro Evaluation of Virucidal Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted and Purified from and on Human Adenovirus Type 5 in A549 Cells. Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana Humans A549 Cells Adenoviruses, Human Spirulina Antiviral Agents Polysaccharides Chlorophyta Cyanobacteria Polysaccharides, Bacterial In Vitro Evaluation of Virucidal Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted and Purified from and on Human Adenovirus Type 5 in A549 Cells. Verani, Marco Manera, Clementina Pagani, Alessandra Banti, Matteo Carducci, Annalaura Gasperin, Federica Cannaos, Alice Di Giuseppe, Graziano Palego, Lionella Nieri, Paola Federigi, Ileana Humans A549 Cells Adenoviruses, Human Spirulina Antiviral Agents Polysaccharides Chlorophyta Cyanobacteria Polysaccharides, Bacterial Polysaccharides derived from cyanobacteria and microalgae have attracted increasing interest as natural virucidal agents. Among them, polysaccharides from the cyanobacterium (), and the green microalgae () have shown virucidal activities, mainly against enveloped viruses, while evidence on non-enveloped viruses is still limited. In this study, the virucidal activity of purified polysaccharides extracted from (APPs) and from (DSPs) was evaluated in vitro against human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5), a non-enveloped pathogenic virus with high persistence in the environment and resistance to disinfection. The in vitro assays were carried out at concentrations previously verified as non-toxic by morphological evaluation of A549 cells after 24 and 48 h of incubation, testing two viral loads, namely, 10 and 10 tissue culture infectious dose 50% per milliliter (TCID/mL). For APPs, a possible time-dependent effect was also assessed at different contact times (15, 30 and 60 min). DSPs showed a limited virucidal effect related to the starting viral concentration, while APPs induced a consistent viral reduction (up to 98.8%) at both viral concentrations. The virucidal effect of APPs occurred rapidly and was not significantly influenced by contact time, thus suggesting that prolonged exposure is not a determining factor for polysaccharide virucidal activity. These findings demonstrate the virucidal activity of APPs against a highly resistant non-enveloped virus and provide preliminary in vitro evidence of their potential application as natural virucidal agents, particularly for environmental disinfection purposes. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and to optimize their practical use. |
| title | In Vitro Evaluation of Virucidal Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted and Purified from and on Human Adenovirus Type 5 in A549 Cells. |
| topic | Humans A549 Cells Adenoviruses, Human Spirulina Antiviral Agents Polysaccharides Chlorophyta Cyanobacteria Polysaccharides, Bacterial |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41900122/ |