Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Tropical life sciences research
2026
|
| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42064430/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1868266053588484098 |
|---|---|
| author | Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd |
| author_facet | Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Evaluating the Impact of Spinach Supplementation in Enhancing the Growth of Blue Swimming Crab Larvae, . Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd Blue swimming crabs () consistently command higher prices in domestic and global markets due to elevated demand. Due to the rising issue of low crab larvae survival, farmers have begun using artificial hormones to increase survival rates and ensure hatchery production aligns with market demands. However, the outcomes of using artificial hormones are concerning, as these compounds pose serious risks to aquatic organisms, humans, and the environment. To address the harmful effects of artificial hormones, efforts are now focused on identifying affordable and eco-friendly plant-based alternatives, such as spinach (), which contains bioactive compounds that could promote crab larval growth and survival. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of spinach in improving the growth performance of larvae. This was accomplished by enriching with spinach, allowingit to serve as a nutrient-enhanced live feed. Compounds in the spinach leaf wereextracted with methanol and analysed through GC-MS to identify potential growth-related compounds. LC analysis (1,000 ppm-2,000 ppm) was conducted on todetermine the optimal enrichment concentration (1,600 ppm) before use in larval feeding.Results indicated spinach contains compounds such as steroids (5.9%), palmitic acid(5.2%), oleic acid (2.5%) and flavonoids (3.6%) that can potentially improve larval growth.Toxicity analysis showed that the 1,600 ppm treatment was the LC, meaning it is theoptimal concentration for enrichment, delivering the highest amount of bioactivecompounds without affecting survival. Larvae were fed spinach-enriched (1,600 ppm) and compared with unenriched (control). The 1,600 ppm treatmentresulted in significantly higher survival at various larval stages (Z1-Z2: 82.6%, Z2-Z3:91.9%, M-C1: 38.1%), shorter intermoult periods for Z2-Z3 (2.9 days), Z3-Z4 (3.1 days),and M-C1 (3.8 days) and higher SGR (M: 22.5% day, C1: 24.5% day). Larval steroidanalysis supported these findings, with treatment 1,600 ppm yielding higher steroid levels across all stages (511.63-3953 pg/mL), suggesting that spinach-derived steroids may stimulate moulting and enhance larval growth and survival. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_42064430 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Tropical life sciences research |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Evaluating the Impact of Spinach Supplementation in Enhancing the Growth of Blue Swimming Crab Larvae, . Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd Evaluating the Impact of Spinach Supplementation in Enhancing the Growth of Blue Swimming Crab Larvae, . Redzuari, Alias Hidir, Ariffin Abualreesh, Muyassar H Fazhan, Hanafiah Waiho, Khor Ma, Hongyu Ikhwanuddin, Mhd Blue swimming crabs () consistently command higher prices in domestic and global markets due to elevated demand. Due to the rising issue of low crab larvae survival, farmers have begun using artificial hormones to increase survival rates and ensure hatchery production aligns with market demands. However, the outcomes of using artificial hormones are concerning, as these compounds pose serious risks to aquatic organisms, humans, and the environment. To address the harmful effects of artificial hormones, efforts are now focused on identifying affordable and eco-friendly plant-based alternatives, such as spinach (), which contains bioactive compounds that could promote crab larval growth and survival. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of spinach in improving the growth performance of larvae. This was accomplished by enriching with spinach, allowingit to serve as a nutrient-enhanced live feed. Compounds in the spinach leaf wereextracted with methanol and analysed through GC-MS to identify potential growth-related compounds. LC analysis (1,000 ppm-2,000 ppm) was conducted on todetermine the optimal enrichment concentration (1,600 ppm) before use in larval feeding.Results indicated spinach contains compounds such as steroids (5.9%), palmitic acid(5.2%), oleic acid (2.5%) and flavonoids (3.6%) that can potentially improve larval growth.Toxicity analysis showed that the 1,600 ppm treatment was the LC, meaning it is theoptimal concentration for enrichment, delivering the highest amount of bioactivecompounds without affecting survival. Larvae were fed spinach-enriched (1,600 ppm) and compared with unenriched (control). The 1,600 ppm treatmentresulted in significantly higher survival at various larval stages (Z1-Z2: 82.6%, Z2-Z3:91.9%, M-C1: 38.1%), shorter intermoult periods for Z2-Z3 (2.9 days), Z3-Z4 (3.1 days),and M-C1 (3.8 days) and higher SGR (M: 22.5% day, C1: 24.5% day). Larval steroidanalysis supported these findings, with treatment 1,600 ppm yielding higher steroid levels across all stages (511.63-3953 pg/mL), suggesting that spinach-derived steroids may stimulate moulting and enhance larval growth and survival. |
| title | Evaluating the Impact of Spinach Supplementation in Enhancing the Growth of Blue Swimming Crab Larvae, . |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42064430/ |