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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
Marine pollution bulletin
2026
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| Online Access: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42092321/ |
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| _version_ | 1868266051122233345 |
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| author | Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao |
| author_facet | Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of the effects of phthalate esters on coastal phytoplankton (Gymnodinium sp.): From physiological inhibition to molecular acclimation. Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao As primary producers in marine ecosystems, phytoplankton are more vulnerable to the damaging effects of emerging pollutants. This study evaluated the ecotoxicological impacts of phthalates (PAEs), mainly dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which were frequently detected at elevated concentrations in coastal environments, on the predominant species Gymnodinium sp. in coastal waters of China. Proteomics was employed to investigate the toxic effects of representative PAEs on microalgae and the associated molecular biological responses of phytoplankton to toxic damage. DBP exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the growth of Gymnodinium. The OJIP curve suggested severe disruption of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the microalgae, accompanied by marked impairment of the photosynthetic parameters (F/F and F). DBP was associated with considerable oxidative stress in Gymnodinium, resulting in a reduction in total protein (TP) content and a noticeable increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The energy metabolism system of microalgae was also disturbed, characterized by an initial decrease in ATPase activity followed by an increase. However, high molecular weight DEHP appeared less harmful to Gymnodinium under the tested conditions. At the final stage of the experiment, a total of 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the DBP-treated group and the control group. Among them, CP43, PP2A, AMPK, and several ribosomal proteins were significantly upregulated, whereas spliceosome-associated proteins were downregulated. Integrated with the OJIP fluorescence results, these protein-level changes suggest a coordinated late-stage response in which DBP-induced impairment of photosynthetic electron transport may be linked to redox regulation, energy-homeostasis adjustment, and translational maintenance. Overall, the combined physiological and proteomic evidence supports a preliminary model in which Gymnodinium responds to DBP stress through coordinated late-stage regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, redox balance, energy homeostasis, and cellular maintenance. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_42092321 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Marine pollution bulletin |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of the effects of phthalate esters on coastal phytoplankton (Gymnodinium sp.): From physiological inhibition to molecular acclimation. Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of the effects of phthalate esters on coastal phytoplankton (Gymnodinium sp.): From physiological inhibition to molecular acclimation. Lin, Kun Wang, Yanru Xu, Hongyan Tan, Liju Chen, Jianlei Zhao, Ting Wang, Jiangtao As primary producers in marine ecosystems, phytoplankton are more vulnerable to the damaging effects of emerging pollutants. This study evaluated the ecotoxicological impacts of phthalates (PAEs), mainly dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which were frequently detected at elevated concentrations in coastal environments, on the predominant species Gymnodinium sp. in coastal waters of China. Proteomics was employed to investigate the toxic effects of representative PAEs on microalgae and the associated molecular biological responses of phytoplankton to toxic damage. DBP exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the growth of Gymnodinium. The OJIP curve suggested severe disruption of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the microalgae, accompanied by marked impairment of the photosynthetic parameters (F/F and F). DBP was associated with considerable oxidative stress in Gymnodinium, resulting in a reduction in total protein (TP) content and a noticeable increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The energy metabolism system of microalgae was also disturbed, characterized by an initial decrease in ATPase activity followed by an increase. However, high molecular weight DEHP appeared less harmful to Gymnodinium under the tested conditions. At the final stage of the experiment, a total of 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the DBP-treated group and the control group. Among them, CP43, PP2A, AMPK, and several ribosomal proteins were significantly upregulated, whereas spliceosome-associated proteins were downregulated. Integrated with the OJIP fluorescence results, these protein-level changes suggest a coordinated late-stage response in which DBP-induced impairment of photosynthetic electron transport may be linked to redox regulation, energy-homeostasis adjustment, and translational maintenance. Overall, the combined physiological and proteomic evidence supports a preliminary model in which Gymnodinium responds to DBP stress through coordinated late-stage regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, redox balance, energy homeostasis, and cellular maintenance. |
| title | Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of the effects of phthalate esters on coastal phytoplankton (Gymnodinium sp.): From physiological inhibition to molecular acclimation. |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42092321/ |