Modulation of toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by nutrient supply conditions: deficiency and excess of nutrients as factors of stress enhancement in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea.
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Sprache: | en |
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Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
2026
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| author | Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady |
| author_facet | Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady |
| collection | PubMed - marine biology |
| contents | Modulation of toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by nutrient supply conditions: deficiency and excess of nutrients as factors of stress enhancement in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady This study investigates the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the structural and functional characteristics of the Black Sea phytoplankton community, depending on the nutrient supply level of the environment. Experiments were conducted in laboratory microcosms, cultivating the community in seawater with various additions of Goldberg's nutrient medium (from 0% to 24%), simulating a wide range of trophic statuses - from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. It was established that the toxicity of ZnO NPs is modulated by the concentration of nutrients. Under nutrient-deficient conditions, a pronounced dose-dependent growth inhibition, a decline in photosynthetic activity (decrease in Fv/Fm and rETR), pigment degradation, and reduced algal viability were observed at concentrations of 20-80 μg L (EC₅₀ = 15.8 μg L). Nutrient enrichment increased the algal community's resistance to the toxicant: the EC₅₀ value rose to 36-37 μg L, and the photosynthetic apparatus maintained functional activity for most of the experiment. In certain variants (20 μg L ZnO NPs against a background enrichment of 1.2-2.4% Goldberg medium), stimulation of algal growth was observed. Nutrient enrichment was shown to be accompanied by a successional shift, during which the relative abundance of nano- and microphytoplankton increased. Cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus spp. proved to be the most sensitive component of the studied community under the conditions of this experiment. The obtained results indicate that the ecological consequences of ZnO NPs entering the marine environment depend not only on their concentration but also on the trophic status of the water body, a factor that should be considered when assessing anthropogenic impact on phytoplankton communities. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | pubmed_42250490 |
| institution | PubMed |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) |
| record_format | pubmed |
| spellingShingle | Modulation of toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by nutrient supply conditions: deficiency and excess of nutrients as factors of stress enhancement in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady Modulation of toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by nutrient supply conditions: deficiency and excess of nutrients as factors of stress enhancement in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Solomonova, Ekaterina Shoman, Natalia Akimov, Arkady This study investigates the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the structural and functional characteristics of the Black Sea phytoplankton community, depending on the nutrient supply level of the environment. Experiments were conducted in laboratory microcosms, cultivating the community in seawater with various additions of Goldberg's nutrient medium (from 0% to 24%), simulating a wide range of trophic statuses - from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. It was established that the toxicity of ZnO NPs is modulated by the concentration of nutrients. Under nutrient-deficient conditions, a pronounced dose-dependent growth inhibition, a decline in photosynthetic activity (decrease in Fv/Fm and rETR), pigment degradation, and reduced algal viability were observed at concentrations of 20-80 μg L (EC₅₀ = 15.8 μg L). Nutrient enrichment increased the algal community's resistance to the toxicant: the EC₅₀ value rose to 36-37 μg L, and the photosynthetic apparatus maintained functional activity for most of the experiment. In certain variants (20 μg L ZnO NPs against a background enrichment of 1.2-2.4% Goldberg medium), stimulation of algal growth was observed. Nutrient enrichment was shown to be accompanied by a successional shift, during which the relative abundance of nano- and microphytoplankton increased. Cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus spp. proved to be the most sensitive component of the studied community under the conditions of this experiment. The obtained results indicate that the ecological consequences of ZnO NPs entering the marine environment depend not only on their concentration but also on the trophic status of the water body, a factor that should be considered when assessing anthropogenic impact on phytoplankton communities. |
| title | Modulation of toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by nutrient supply conditions: deficiency and excess of nutrients as factors of stress enhancement in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea. |
| url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42250490/ |