Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
2008
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| _version_ | 1876480689289822208 |
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| author | Gregorio Katz |
| author_facet | Gregorio Katz |
| contents | Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis Gregorio Katz Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce Salud diagnosis classification etiological factors intellectual disability treatment and prognosis Etiology and classification: Causal factors related withcognitive disability are multiples and can be classified asfollows: Genetic, acquired (congenital and developmental),environmental and sociocultural. Likewise, in relation to theclassification, cognitive disability has as a common denominatora subnormal intellectual functioning level; nevertheless,the extent to which an individual is unable to face the demandsestablished by society for the individual´s age grouphas brought about four degrees of severity: Mild, moderate,severe and profound. Diagnostic: The clinical history mustput an emphasis on healthcare during the prenatal, perinataland postnatal period and include the results of all previousstudies, including a genealogical tree for at least three generationsand an intentional search for family antecedents ofmental delay, psychiatric illnesses and congenital abnormalities.The physical exam should focus on secondary abnormalitiesand congenital malformations, somatometric measurementsand neurological and behavioral phenotype evaluations. If itis not feasible to establish a clinical diagnosis, it is necessaryto conduct high-resolution cytogenetic studies in additionto metabolic clinical evaluations. In the next step, if noabnormal data are identified, submicroscopic chromosomaldisorders are evaluated. Prognosis: Intellectual disability isnot curable; and yet, the prognostic in general terms isgood when using the emotional wellbeing of the individualas a parameter. Conclusions: Intellectual disability should betreated in a comprehensive manner. Nevertheless, currently,the fundamental task and perhaps the only one that appliesis the detection of the limitation and abilities as a function of subjects´ age and expectations for the future, with theonly goal being to provide the support necessary for eachone of the dimensions or areas in which the person´s life isexpressed and exposed. 2008 artículo científico 0036-3634 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10608705 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=106 Salud Pública de México application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Salud Pública de México (México) Num.2 Vol.50 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_10608705 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publisher | Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública |
| spellingShingle | Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis Gregorio Katz Salud diagnosis classification etiological factors intellectual disability treatment and prognosis Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis Gregorio Katz Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce Salud diagnosis classification etiological factors intellectual disability treatment and prognosis Etiology and classification: Causal factors related withcognitive disability are multiples and can be classified asfollows: Genetic, acquired (congenital and developmental),environmental and sociocultural. Likewise, in relation to theclassification, cognitive disability has as a common denominatora subnormal intellectual functioning level; nevertheless,the extent to which an individual is unable to face the demandsestablished by society for the individual´s age grouphas brought about four degrees of severity: Mild, moderate,severe and profound. Diagnostic: The clinical history mustput an emphasis on healthcare during the prenatal, perinataland postnatal period and include the results of all previousstudies, including a genealogical tree for at least three generationsand an intentional search for family antecedents ofmental delay, psychiatric illnesses and congenital abnormalities.The physical exam should focus on secondary abnormalitiesand congenital malformations, somatometric measurementsand neurological and behavioral phenotype evaluations. If itis not feasible to establish a clinical diagnosis, it is necessaryto conduct high-resolution cytogenetic studies in additionto metabolic clinical evaluations. In the next step, if noabnormal data are identified, submicroscopic chromosomaldisorders are evaluated. Prognosis: Intellectual disability isnot curable; and yet, the prognostic in general terms isgood when using the emotional wellbeing of the individualas a parameter. Conclusions: Intellectual disability should betreated in a comprehensive manner. Nevertheless, currently,the fundamental task and perhaps the only one that appliesis the detection of the limitation and abilities as a function of subjects´ age and expectations for the future, with theonly goal being to provide the support necessary for eachone of the dimensions or areas in which the person´s life isexpressed and exposed. 2008 artículo científico 0036-3634 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10608705 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=106 Salud Pública de México application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Salud Pública de México (México) Num.2 Vol.50 |
| title | Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis |
| topic | Salud diagnosis classification etiological factors intellectual disability treatment and prognosis |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10608705 |