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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Gildardo Cruz de León
Format:	Artículo científico
Language:	en
Published:	Universidad Austral de Chile 2016
Subjects:	Agrociencias subneiloid sectional methods applied mathematics
Online Access:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173145672020
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Error predictions for average end diameter sectional formula in tree stem volume measurement Gildardo Cruz de León Isaac Alfaro-Trujillo Margarita Bañuelos-Jiménez Agrociencias subneiloid sectional methods applied mathematics The use of the sectional formula given by the product of the cross sectional area related to the average of segment end diameters, times segment length, is a known method to estimate the volume of a tree stem segment. The whole tree stem volume can be obtained summing volumes of individual segments. There is not a formal study about the errors in using that method that allows comparing it to other conventional methods. In this work, following a theoretical procedure proposed recently in the forest measurement literature, those errors were computed. The method was evaluated applying it to the geometries of paraboloid, cone, and neiloid, to get the errors in tree stem volume estimation as function of a given number of segments, n. The average absolute percent errors were: ≤ 10.9 % for n ≥ 5; ≤ 5.5 % for n ≥ 10; ≤ 2.8 % forn ≥ 20; ≤ 1.9 % for n ≥ 30. Compared to known results, the method is better than Smalian and Huber methods, though it is not for the frustum of cone volume formula. Additionally, there are algebraic proves showing that the segment volume estimated by the method is lowerthan the volume for frustums of paraboloid and cone; in this work, the proofthat it is also lower than the volume for a frustum of neiloid is provided, which completes the corresponding knowledge on the subject. 2016 artículo científico 0304-8799 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173145672020 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=1731 Bosque application/pdf Universidad Austral de Chile Bosque (Chile) Num.1 Vol.37

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// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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