Political liberalization and democratization in African countries: a qualitative analysis

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	José Jaime Macuane
Format:	Artículo científico
Language:	pt
Published:	Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 2000
Subjects:	Sociología Afrique démocratisation compromis institutionnels
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

EN ATTENDANT UNE PLACE D'APPRENTISSAGE. La prise en charge des «jeunes chômeurs peu qualifiés»
by: Eva Nada
Published: (2014)

Participatory Government and the Challenge of Inclusion: the Case of Local Government Structures in Post Apartheid South Africa
by: Ralph Mathekga
Published: (2006)

Process of Institutionalisation and democratisation in Asean: Features, challenges and prospects of regionalism in southeast Asia
by: Jewellord T. Nem Singh
Published: (2008)

Matière grise de l'urbain
by: Choplin, Armelle
Published: (2024)

L’actualité des thèmes d’Ecclesia in Africa et d’Africae Munus dans Fratelli tutti
by: Patrick Ndodé-Sikossi, OP
Published: (2022)

Étude croisée de trois romans noirs francophones africains
by: Fanny Brasleret
Published: (2007)

Chapter Non-linear Paths in Transitions through the Labour Market
by: Federighi, Paolo
Published: (2022)

Déterminants de l'entrepreneuriat féminin en Afrique subsaharienne : étude empirique des femmes du quartier Ndosho à Goma en RDC
by: MUHINDO UHURU, Michael
Published: (2025)

Le riche bestiaire de Tchicaya U Tam' si
by: Sylvie André
Published: (2008)

La Médiation Stato-centrée en Afrique : Entre l’impératif de la transformation des conflits politiques violents et la nécessité de la préservation des intérêts
by: Sali Bouba Oumarou
Published: (2017)

Transfigurations et détours animaliers dans les dramaturgies contemporaines africaines francophones, ou, La bête dramatique des écritures de l' altérité
by: Sylvie Chalaye
Published: (2008)

La scolarisation féminine à Djibouti: une démarche holiste face à l’idéologie développementaliste
by: Rachel Solomon Tsehaye
Published: (2012)

Chemins périlleux : la migration dangereuse des Éthiopiens vers l'Afrique du Sud
by: Kohnert, Dirk
Published: (2025)

Mythe et poésie dans le discours senghorien
by: Buata B. Malela
Published: (2008)

Stratégies d'adaptation aux effets du changement climatique sur le bien-être en Afrique Subsaharienne : la complexité économique
by: KOUADIO, Aya Audrey Huguette Sandra, et al.
Published: (2025)

Djogoni, le roman d'un Métis, ou l'inanité de la mission civilisatrice
by: Marie Hélène Koffi-Tessio
Published: (2005)

QUELLE COLLABORATION PUBLIC-PRIVE POUR L'INTEGRATION D'UN PROJET MINIER A SON TERRITOIRE? ETUDES DE CAS EN AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
by: Pascal Rey
Published: (2020)

La Guinée Équatoriale : en lien entre l’Afrique, la péninsule ibérique et l’Amérique latine
by: Adeline Darrigol
Published: (2018)

Partecipazione e Conflitto
Published: (2014)

L'homme africain et son monde: perception et appréciation du réel africain. L'exemple de l'eau chez René Maran
by: Buata Malela
Published: (2005)

La tentation du féminin dans le roman noir africain francophone
by: Bernard de Meyer
Published: (2007)

Névrose et création littéraire dans les nouvelles écritures afro-parisiennes
by: Ateufack Dongmo, Rodrigue Marcel
Published: (2024)

Les frontières des circulations migratoires africaines
by: Rea, Andrea, et al.
Published: (2025)

Open Education
Published: (2017)

Géographie et impérialisme
by: Rossinelli, Fabio
Published: (2024)

Dancing Opacity
by: Swanson, Amy E.
Published: (2025)

Le bananier plantain
Published: (2019)

After the new social democracy: Social welfare for the 21st century
by: Fitzpatrick, Tony
Published: (2010)

Agroforesterie et services écosystémiques en zone tropicale
Published: (2019)

Global Campus Human Rights Journal
Published: (2026)

Systèmes agraires et changement climatique au Sud
Published: (2019)

Kanssatutkimus
by: Bettin, Caterina, et al.
Published: (2023)

Women, Agency, and the State in Guinea
by: Ammann, Carole
Published: (2025)

Researching animal research
Published: (2024)

Politics, constitutions and justice: challenges regarding the consolidation of democratic institutions
by: Anderson Orestes Lobato Cavalcante
Published: (2001)

African Film Festivals and Transnational Flows of Living Cultural Heritage
Published: (2025)

Chapter 11 Ideological modules of autocratization
by: Enyedi, Zsolt
Published: (2025)

The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization
Published: (2025)

Globalization and democratization in Brazil an interpretation...
by: Nythamar de Oliveira
Published: (2004)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b"
language	"en"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789455012.3703 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1782}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b; language=en; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"60824"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/redalyc_21843402/Similar"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/redalyc_21843402/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789455012.3644
REQUEST_TIME	1789455012

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b"
language	"en"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789455012.3703 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1782}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=53b6e1408959c7a8294eea67a666190b; language=en; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"60824"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/redalyc_21843402/Similar"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/redalyc_21843402/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789455012.3644
REQUEST_TIME	1789455012

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Similar Items

Similar Items

Environment & details:

Environment & details: