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Main Author:	Biancca Scarpeline DE CASTRO
Format:	Artículo científico
Language:	en
Published:	University of Warsaw 2013
Subjects:	Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias Sociales) Brasil sociedad civil organismos gené movimientos sociales percepción del riesgo
Online Access:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=243329724014
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CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE DEBATE ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMO) IN BRAZIL Biancca Scarpeline DE CASTRO Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias Sociales) Brasil sociedad civil organismos gené movimientos sociales percepción del riesgo La sociedad civil y los movimientos sociales han sido actores clave en el debate sobre los organismos genéticamen te modificados (OGM) en Bra- sil; las posiciones involucradas en el debate están representadas por ópticas opues- tas: algunas organizaciones están a favor, mientras que otras – en contra del uso y difusión de los OGM, cuestionando las pruebas ofi ciales de riesgos establecidos por los científicos y los políticos. El artículo resume el papel de la sociedad civil y los movimientos sociales en el país en los últimos años. Se presentan las pe rcepciones de 15 organizaciones brasileñas relacionadas con los OGM, basado en entr evistas sobre su posición actual frente al tema. Los análisis demuestran que las con troversias relativas a los OGM pueden ser consideradas como las discusiones sobre los riesgos; la noción de riesgo varía de acuerdo con la perspectiva de los actores. Incluyen las preocupaciones so- bre el medio ambiente, ética, salud y cuestiones so cioeconómicas. Los detractores de los transgénicos hacen hincapié en que su uso pu ede crear una economía de de- pendencia de los pequeños agricultores, mientras qu e los partidarios sostienen que los transgénicos son esenciales para la competitivi dad de la agricultura brasileña. Esta dualidad está más relacionada con el debate co nvencional sobre el desarrollo rural del país que con la percepción de los nuevos riesgos relacionados con los OGM. 2013 artículo científico 1641-4713 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=243329724014 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=2433 Revista del CESLA application/pdf University of Warsaw Revista del CESLA (Polonia) Num.16

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// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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