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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2007
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| Online Access: | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=37023202 |
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Table of Contents:
- Ranking tail-pipe vehicle emissions from reformulated gasolines by electre method Emmanuel González-Ortíz Martín Llanos-Plata Uriel González-Macías J. Luis Jaimes-Lopez Ángel Zambrano-García Julio Sandoval-Fernández Ciencias de la Tierra CVS tests air quality Electre method fuel reformulation Even though gasoline reformulation has contributed in abating the high levels of sometropospheric pollutants in México City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), such as lead andsulfur dioxide, it is still being explored as practical alternative to alleviate other localair pollution problems, such as the high ozone levels. Because gasoline is a complexmixture of chemical compounds, the number of alternative reformulated gasoline fuels(RGF) to be tested is potentially very high. Thus, rapid and inexpensive methods arerequired to make such testing less costly. We report our experience while using a commonranking technique (Electre method) to select a subset of reformulated gasolinefuels (RGF) with low potential to form gaseous toxics and O3-forming compounds invehicle tail-pipe emissions, so that further studies might focus on the most promisingof them. Ten RGF differing in contents of sulfur, aromatics, olefins and oxygenatedcompounds were subjected to chassis dynamometer tests in two vehicles representingdifferent engine technologies: Tier 1, as representative of the currently dominanttechnology in MCMA, and Euro 4 which will soon enter the local market. Emissionssampling was done at constant volume (CVS) using the Urban Cycle driving test, astandardized Mexican chassis dynamometer test that simulates the slow driving conditionsat MCMA. All comparisons were based on the contents of regulated gaseouspollutants (THC, CO, CO2 and NOx), CH4 and VOC (HC and aldehydes and ketones) inthe tail-pipe emissions. In tests with the local unleaded gasoline (n = 9), which was usedas experimental reference (RF), the Tier 1 vehicle had significantly higher emissionsof most measured pollutants than Euro 4. For selecting the fuels with lower emissionsof toxics and O3 forming compounds, the emission data were normalized (0-100) andweighed by two external factors (w1, for O3 forming potential, and w2 for toxicity ofeach compound) and then subjected to Electre analysis. The best fuel options for datarepresenting the average emissions from the two vehicle technologies were: F11 > F6> F1 > F7 > F8 > F12, for w1; and F6 > F11 > F1> F5 > F8 > F12, for w2. Thus, byboth weighing criteria, the Electre method selected F11, F6 and F1 as the best gasolineoptions. The ranks of the remaining fuels depended upon weighing. F11 was formulatedwith low concentrations of aromatics, olefins, benzene and sulfur, whereas F6 had the highest Reid vapor pressure (RVP) and 370 ppm sulfur. According to these results,the MCMAs air quality may be improved by substituting the currently used gasoline,which ranked as the last option, by another such as F11, F6 or F1. 2007 artículo científico 0188-4999 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=37023202 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=370 Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental application/pdf Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental (México) Num.2 Vol.23