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1. Verfasser:	Marcelo José Braga Nonnenberg
Format:	Artículo científico
Sprache:	pt
Veröffentlicht:	Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 2017
Schlagworte:	Economía y Finanzas inovação Exportações América Latina Europa do Leste viés de seleção
Online-Zugang:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=400454872008 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/400454872008.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/movil
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Exportações e processos inovativos: um estudo para América Latina e Europa do Leste Marcelo José Braga Nonnenberg Ana Paula Macedo de Avellar Economía y Finanzas inovação Exportações América Latina Europa do Leste viés de seleção O objetivo do presente artigo é fornecer evidências de que a inovação contribui para o sucesso do desempenho exportador, controlando a presença de endogeneidade e o problema de viés de seleção, por meio de variável instrumental e do modelo de seleção de Heckman, para uma amostra de firmas da América Latina e Europa do Leste. As evidências sugerem um padrão de comportamento entre as empresas, sendo que tamanho, idade e participação de capital estrangeiro influenciam positivamente na decisão de exportar dessas empresas. Quanto aos indicadores de inovação, os resultados apontam que a inovação afeta positivamente a probabilidade das empresas exportarem. Os resultados do modelo de Heckman, somente para os países da América Latina, apontam que a inovação afeta a probabilidade da empresa exportar, e influencia negativamente na intensidade das exportações em relação às vendas. 2017 artículo científico 0103-6351 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=400454872008 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/400454872008.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4004/400454872008/movil 10.1590/0103-6351/3372 pt http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=4004 Nova Economia application/pdf Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Nova Economia (Brasil) Num.3 Vol.27

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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