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Auteur principal:	Yolanda González-Rábago
Format:	Artículo científico
Langue:	en
Publié:	Centro Scalabriniano de Estudos Migratórios 2015
Sujets:	Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias Sociales) Colombia emigration citizenship transnationalism Engagement policies
Accès en ligne:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=407043483015
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ENGAGEMENT POLICIES IN FAVOUR OF TRANSNATIONALISM: THE EXPANSION OF TRANSNATIONAL CITIZENSHIP WITHIN COLOMBIAN EMIGRANTS Yolanda González-Rábago Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias Sociales) Colombia emigration citizenship transnationalism Engagement policies Communities of nationals living abroad are attracting the interest ofsending countries, which are paying increasing attention to the way inwhich emigrants connect with their origin and the potential benefits ofit. Focusing on the case of Colombia and analysing the initiatives underthe Colombia Nos Une Program, this article examines the role thatthe proactive attitude of institutional actors is playing in the potentialengagement of migrants with their country of origin and the creation ofa transnational citizenship. Colombia, as a sending country, is lookingat their emigrants in an attempt to take advantage of their economicand human capital in order to improve its development throughnetworks of knowledge, entrepreneurship and socio-cultural initiative.An increasing knowledge of the way policies of origin are implementedand the impact they have on the migrants’ lives will give a morecomprehensive framework to understand the effects of a transnationallife and to conceptualize a transnational citizenship. 2015 artículo científico 1980-8585 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=407043483015 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=4070 REMHU - Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana application/pdf Centro Scalabriniano de Estudos Migratórios REMHU - Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana (Brasil) Num.45 Vol.23

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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