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Auteur principal:	Juan F. Pérez
Format:	Artículo científico
Langue:	es
Publié:	Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas 2015
Sujets:	Agrociencias biomasa Bioenergía bioproductos biorrefinería termoquímica plantaciones forestales comerciales
Accès en ligne:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=423940059007
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Table des matières:

INTEGRACIÓN DE PLANTACIONES FORESTALES COMERCIALES COLOMBIANAS EN CONCEPTOS DE BIORREFINERÍA TERMOQUÍMICA: UNA REVISIÓN Juan F. Pérez Rolando Barrera Gloria Ramírez Agrociencias biomasa Bioenergía bioproductos biorrefinería termoquímica plantaciones forestales comerciales La integración de las plantaciones forestales comer - ciales colombianas en conceptos de biorrefinería se justifica desde las perspectivas técnica, energética, social y ambiental; adicionalmente se enmarca den - tro de diversos planes y políticas de gobierno que consideran el aprovechamiento energético de la bio - masa como alternativa recursiva para el potencial sil - vicultural del país. En este trabajo se revisan algunos procesos específicos que pueden evaluarse como po - sibles estrategias de integración de la madera planta - da en Colombia bajo el concepto de biorrefinería. Se abarcan procesos de gasificación de baja-media po - tencia, gasificación a escala industrial para produc - ción de biocombustibles de alta calidad, procesos de mejoramiento de la madera como biocombustible sólido, y la producción de biocarbón mediante mé - todos alternativos; por último, se revisa el mercado potencial de productos forestales de valor agregado. A modo de conclusión se destaca el alto potencial forestal de Colombia, por tanto, la unión estratégi - ca entre universidades, centros de investigación y el sector forestal debe buscar la eficiencia e innovar para ofrecer productos diferenciadores y con valor agregado, aprovechando la existencia de nichos de mercado prácticamente inexplorados en Colombia, como la bioenergía y los bioproductos. A ese punto se dirige esta revisión, pues es necesario avanzar en el conocimiento que se tiene de las características y posibles usos de algunas especies forestales que se cultivan en el país desde conceptos de biorrefine - ría para bioenergía, biocombustibles y bioproductos bajo una perspectiva de sostenibilidad. 2015 artículo científico 0120-0739 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=423940059007 es http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=4239 Colombia Forestal application/pdf Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Colombia Forestal (Colombia) Num.2 Vol.18

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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