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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Medical Education Cooperation with Cuba
2017
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| Online Access: | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=437553387008 |
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Table of Contents:
- Human Evolutionary Carcinogenesis and Effects of Demographic and Epidemiologic Transitions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Armando E. Pérez-Cala Edgar Benítez-Sánchez Medicina tion Cuba popula oncogenesis tumorigenesis INTRODUCTIONIn many countries cancer is or threatens tobecome the leading cause of death, although incidence and mortalityrates differ between high-income and low- and middle-incomecountries. Developments in evolutionary biology have revealedthat carcinogenesis is even more complex than previously thought.Several theories attempt to integrate the various existing points ofview about what is known to date.OBJECTIVESAnalyze and explain the main current theories ofcarcinogenesis and explore their possible application to understandingthe demographic and epidemiologic transitions’ effects on cancerpopulation dynamics in low- and middle-income countries.EVIDENCE ACQUISITIONA systematic literature review was carriedout in MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS (via ScienceDirect) andSciELO. Consistency and quality of evidence in articles reviewedwere taken into account; we excluded studies with consistency levelsof IV and V, and those with limited or insufficient quality of evidence.DEVELOPMENTHuman evolution has led to a type of life historycharacterized by numerous tradeoffs with oncogenic implications.Cultural coevolution and socioeconomic development have affectedcancer population dynamics. Several theories explain carcinogenesisfrom an ecological and evolutionary perspective, among themsomatic mutation, adaptive oncogenesis, life history theories, andthe Noble and Hochberg model. The human environmental effecton cancer risk is manifested in the influence of demographic andepidemiologic transitions in low- and middle-income countries, wherecancer represents a high disease burden due to the effects of recentlyintroduced environmental factors in native environments, accentuationof adaptive decoupling, and diversification of genetic polymorphismsfor cancer susceptibility.CONCLUSIONSThe Noble and Hochberg model best explains thepopulation dynamics of cancer in low- and middle-income countries,especially regarding the effects of recently introduced environmentalfactors on native environments, adaptive decoupling and geneticdiversity (manifest in differences in clinical and biological tumorexpression by level of economic development), in response todemographic and epidemiologic transitions. 2017 artículo científico 1555-7960 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=437553387008 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=4375 MEDICC Review application/pdf Medical Education Cooperation with Cuba MEDICC Review (Estados Unidos de América) Num.4 Vol.19