Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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Universidad de Costa Rica
2019
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| _version_ | 1876422504773320704 |
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| author | Josep Enric Peris |
| author_facet | Josep Enric Peris |
| contents | Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Josep Enric Peris Tatiane Maria Malara Roberta Borges Jose Ricardo Falconi Leandro Peña Jose María Fedriani Biología Citrus frugivory invasions Sus scrofa Agroecosystems Introduction: Little is known concerning novel interactions between species that typically interact in their native range but, as a consequence of human activity, are also interacting out of their original distribution under new ecological conditions. Objective: We investigate the interaction between the orange tree and wild boar, both of which share Asian origins and have been introduced to the Americas (i.e. the overseas). Methods: Specifically, we assessed whether i) wild boars consume orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits and seeds in orchards adjacent to a remnant of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, ii) the orange seeds are viable after passing through boar’s digestive tract and iii) whether the orange tree may naturalise in the forest remnant assisted by wild boars. Results: Our camera surveys indicated that wild boar was by far the most frequent consumer of orange fruits (40.5 % of camera trap-days). A considerable proportion of sown orange seeds extracted from fresh boar feces emerged seedlings (27.8 %, N = 386) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Further, 37.6 % of sown seeds (N = 500) in the forest remnant emerged seedlings in July 2015; however, after ~4 years (March 2019) only 9 seedlings survived (i.e. 4.8 %, N = 188). Finally, 52 sweet orange seedlings were found during surveys within the forest remnant which is intensively used by wild boars. This study indicates a high potential of boars to act as effective seed dispersers of the sweet orange. However, harsh competition with native vegetation and the incidence of lethal diseases, which quickly kill sweet orange trees under non-agricultural conditions, could seriously limit orange tree establishment in the forest. Conclusions: Our results have important implications not only because the wild boar could be a vector of potential invasive species, but also because they disperse seeds of some native species (e.g. the queen palm, Syagrus romanzofiana) in defaunated forests, where large native seed dispersers are missing; thus, wild boars could exert critical ecological functions lost due to human activity. 2019 artículo científico 0034-7744 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965829017 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/44965829017.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/movil 10.15517/RBT.V67I4.35862 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=449 Revista de Biología Tropical application/pdf Universidad de Costa Rica Revista de Biología Tropical (Costa Rica) Num.4 Vol.67 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_44965829017 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| spellingShingle | Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Josep Enric Peris Biología Citrus frugivory invasions Sus scrofa Agroecosystems Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Josep Enric Peris Tatiane Maria Malara Roberta Borges Jose Ricardo Falconi Leandro Peña Jose María Fedriani Biología Citrus frugivory invasions Sus scrofa Agroecosystems Introduction: Little is known concerning novel interactions between species that typically interact in their native range but, as a consequence of human activity, are also interacting out of their original distribution under new ecological conditions. Objective: We investigate the interaction between the orange tree and wild boar, both of which share Asian origins and have been introduced to the Americas (i.e. the overseas). Methods: Specifically, we assessed whether i) wild boars consume orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits and seeds in orchards adjacent to a remnant of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, ii) the orange seeds are viable after passing through boar’s digestive tract and iii) whether the orange tree may naturalise in the forest remnant assisted by wild boars. Results: Our camera surveys indicated that wild boar was by far the most frequent consumer of orange fruits (40.5 % of camera trap-days). A considerable proportion of sown orange seeds extracted from fresh boar feces emerged seedlings (27.8 %, N = 386) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Further, 37.6 % of sown seeds (N = 500) in the forest remnant emerged seedlings in July 2015; however, after ~4 years (March 2019) only 9 seedlings survived (i.e. 4.8 %, N = 188). Finally, 52 sweet orange seedlings were found during surveys within the forest remnant which is intensively used by wild boars. This study indicates a high potential of boars to act as effective seed dispersers of the sweet orange. However, harsh competition with native vegetation and the incidence of lethal diseases, which quickly kill sweet orange trees under non-agricultural conditions, could seriously limit orange tree establishment in the forest. Conclusions: Our results have important implications not only because the wild boar could be a vector of potential invasive species, but also because they disperse seeds of some native species (e.g. the queen palm, Syagrus romanzofiana) in defaunated forests, where large native seed dispersers are missing; thus, wild boars could exert critical ecological functions lost due to human activity. 2019 artículo científico 0034-7744 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965829017 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/44965829017.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/movil 10.15517/RBT.V67I4.35862 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=449 Revista de Biología Tropical application/pdf Universidad de Costa Rica Revista de Biología Tropical (Costa Rica) Num.4 Vol.67 |
| title | Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest |
| topic | Biología Citrus frugivory invasions Sus scrofa Agroecosystems |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965829017 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/44965829017.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/449/44965829017/movil |