Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California
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Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified: Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting dee...
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| Formato: | Artículo científico |
| Lenguaje: | en |
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Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
2011
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| _version_ | 1878325299929677824 |
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| author | JA Segovia-Zavala |
| author_facet | JA Segovia-Zavala |
| collection | Ciencias Marinas |
| container_title | Ciencias Marinas |
| contents | Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California JA Segovia-Zavala F Delgadillo-Hinojosa ML Lares-Reyes MA Huerta-Díaz A Muñoz-Barbosa E Santamaría del Ángel EV Torres-Delgado SA Sañudo-Wilhelmy Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified, Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50¿60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5¿2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. 2011 artículo científico 0185-3880 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=480 Ciencias Marinas application/pdf Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ciencias Marinas (México) Num.4A Vol.37 |
| ctrlnum | oai:cienciasmarinas.com.mx:article/1967 10.7773/cm.v37i4A.1967 |
| description | Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified: Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50–60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5–2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. Se registraron concentraciones de hierro, cobre y cadmio disueltos para los primeros 450 m de la columna de agua en el canal de Ballenas, golfo de California. Se identificaron dos masas de agua: el Agua del Golfo de California y el Agua Subsuperficial Subtropical. La isohalina de 34.95 se elevó desde los 400 m hasta los 250 m de profundidad, lo que sugiere un aporte de agua profunda. A nivel superficial (50–60 m), las isotermas de 26 y 27 ºC, e isohalinas de 35.45 y 35.65 se elevaron hasta la superficie. Las imágenes de la temperatura superficial del mar para el periodo de estudio mostró que el agua del canal de Ballenas es relativamente más fría (1.5 a 2.0 ºC) que el agua de la región entre las Grandes Islas. La distribución vertical de hierro y cobre disueltos presentó perfiles mixtos (tipo remoción y tipo nutrientes) con concentraciones altas en la superficie (Fe = 3.58 y Cu = 3.29 nM), que enseguida disminuyeron con la profundidad (Fe = 0.88 y Cu = 1.16 nM; tipo remoción) para luego incrementarse hacia el fondo (Fe = 1.90 y Cu = 1.69 nM; tipo nutrientes). El cadmio exhibió un perfil vertical de tipo nutrientes con concentraciones bajas en la superficie (0.75 nM) que aumentan con la profundidad (1.12 nM). Las concentraciones de los tres metales disueltos son más altas en relación con las zonas altamente productivas dentro del golfo de California y la corriente de California. Los cálculos preliminares sugieren que el hierro y el cobre disueltos (76 y 70%, respectivamente) son aportados por la advección vertical y el resto por la advección superficial y el aporte atmosférico. En contraste, el cadmio disuelto (80%) se atribuye al aporte por advección vertical y el resto parece ser removido de la capa superficial por fotosíntesis.
Se reportan los primeros datos de hierro (Fe), cobre (Cu) y cadmio (Cd) disueltos para los primeros 450 m de la columna de agua en el Canal de Ballenas (CB) del Golfo de California (GC). Se identificaron dos masas de agua: el Agua del Golfo de California (AGC) y el Agua Subsuperficial Subtropical (ASsSt). A la profundidad de 400 m la isohalina de 34.95 se eleva hasta los 250 m de profundidad, sugiriendo un levantamiento de agua profunda. A nivel superficial (50-60 m) se presentaron levantamientos de la isotermas (26 y 27 ºC) e isohalinas (35.45 y 35.65) hasta la superficie. La Temperatura Superficial Satelital (SST) para el periodo de estudio mostró que el agua del CB es relativamente más fría (1.5 a 2.0 ºC) que la región entre las Grandes Islas del GC. La distribución vertical de Fe y Cu presentaron perfiles mixtos (tipo remoción y nutriente), con concentraciones altas en la superficie (Fe = 3.58 y Cu = 3.29 nM), que enseguida disminuyen con la profundidad (Fe = 0.88 y Cu = 1.16 nM; remoción) para luego incrementarse hacia el fondo (Fe = 1.90 y Cu = 1.69 nM; nutriente). El Cd presentó un perfil tipo nutriente con concentraciones bajas en la superficie (0.75 nM) que aumentan con la profundidad (1.12 nM). Las concentraciones de los tres metales están enriquecidas en relación a zonas productivas dentro del mismo GC y Corriente de California. El enriquecimiento superficial del Fe y Cu se debe al aporte atmosférico, advección y postsurgencias. En cambio, el del Cd es por postsurgencias. Se calcula que el aporte por surgencias de Fe, Cu y Cd son de 368 ± 36, 345 ± 65 y 448± 56 kg/día, respectivamente. Se sugiere que el CB es una provincia biogeoquímica importante debido a los aportes de bioelementos que juegan un papel importante en la productividad. |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_48020747007 |
| institution | Redalyc Ciencias Marinas |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Universidad Autónoma de Baja California |
| spelling | Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California Distribuciones de hierro, cobre y cadmio disueltos en el Canal de Ballenas, Golfo de California Segovia-Zavala, JA Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F Lares-Reyes, ML Huerta-Diaz, MA Muñoz-Barbosa, A Santa María del Ángel, E Torres-Delgado, EV Sañudo-Wilhelmy, SA metals iron copper cadmium Gulf of California metales hierro cobre cadmio golfo de California Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified: Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50–60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5–2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. Se registraron concentraciones de hierro, cobre y cadmio disueltos para los primeros 450 m de la columna de agua en el canal de Ballenas, golfo de California. Se identificaron dos masas de agua: el Agua del Golfo de California y el Agua Subsuperficial Subtropical. La isohalina de 34.95 se elevó desde los 400 m hasta los 250 m de profundidad, lo que sugiere un aporte de agua profunda. A nivel superficial (50–60 m), las isotermas de 26 y 27 ºC, e isohalinas de 35.45 y 35.65 se elevaron hasta la superficie. Las imágenes de la temperatura superficial del mar para el periodo de estudio mostró que el agua del canal de Ballenas es relativamente más fría (1.5 a 2.0 ºC) que el agua de la región entre las Grandes Islas. La distribución vertical de hierro y cobre disueltos presentó perfiles mixtos (tipo remoción y tipo nutrientes) con concentraciones altas en la superficie (Fe = 3.58 y Cu = 3.29 nM), que enseguida disminuyeron con la profundidad (Fe = 0.88 y Cu = 1.16 nM; tipo remoción) para luego incrementarse hacia el fondo (Fe = 1.90 y Cu = 1.69 nM; tipo nutrientes). El cadmio exhibió un perfil vertical de tipo nutrientes con concentraciones bajas en la superficie (0.75 nM) que aumentan con la profundidad (1.12 nM). Las concentraciones de los tres metales disueltos son más altas en relación con las zonas altamente productivas dentro del golfo de California y la corriente de California. Los cálculos preliminares sugieren que el hierro y el cobre disueltos (76 y 70%, respectivamente) son aportados por la advección vertical y el resto por la advección superficial y el aporte atmosférico. En contraste, el cadmio disuelto (80%) se atribuye al aporte por advección vertical y el resto parece ser removido de la capa superficial por fotosíntesis. Se reportan los primeros datos de hierro (Fe), cobre (Cu) y cadmio (Cd) disueltos para los primeros 450 m de la columna de agua en el Canal de Ballenas (CB) del Golfo de California (GC). Se identificaron dos masas de agua: el Agua del Golfo de California (AGC) y el Agua Subsuperficial Subtropical (ASsSt). A la profundidad de 400 m la isohalina de 34.95 se eleva hasta los 250 m de profundidad, sugiriendo un levantamiento de agua profunda. A nivel superficial (50-60 m) se presentaron levantamientos de la isotermas (26 y 27 ºC) e isohalinas (35.45 y 35.65) hasta la superficie. La Temperatura Superficial Satelital (SST) para el periodo de estudio mostró que el agua del CB es relativamente más fría (1.5 a 2.0 ºC) que la región entre las Grandes Islas del GC. La distribución vertical de Fe y Cu presentaron perfiles mixtos (tipo remoción y nutriente), con concentraciones altas en la superficie (Fe = 3.58 y Cu = 3.29 nM), que enseguida disminuyen con la profundidad (Fe = 0.88 y Cu = 1.16 nM; remoción) para luego incrementarse hacia el fondo (Fe = 1.90 y Cu = 1.69 nM; nutriente). El Cd presentó un perfil tipo nutriente con concentraciones bajas en la superficie (0.75 nM) que aumentan con la profundidad (1.12 nM). Las concentraciones de los tres metales están enriquecidas en relación a zonas productivas dentro del mismo GC y Corriente de California. El enriquecimiento superficial del Fe y Cu se debe al aporte atmosférico, advección y postsurgencias. En cambio, el del Cd es por postsurgencias. Se calcula que el aporte por surgencias de Fe, Cu y Cd son de 368 ± 36, 345 ± 65 y 448± 56 kg/día, respectivamente. Se sugiere que el CB es una provincia biogeoquímica importante debido a los aportes de bioelementos que juegan un papel importante en la productividad. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas 2011-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Artículo Arbitrado application/pdf https://cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/1967 10.7773/cm.v37i4A.1967 Ciencias Marinas; Vol. 37 No. 4A (2011); 457-469 Ciencias Marinas; Vol. 37 Núm. 4A (2011); 457-469 2395-9053 0185-3880 eng https://cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/1967/1705 ['Redalyc'] redalyc_48020747007 Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California ['Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California', 'JA Segovia-Zavala', 'Ciencias de la Tierra', 'iron', 'Metals', 'copper', 'cadmium', 'Gulf of California', 'Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California JA Segovia-Zavala F Delgadillo-Hinojosa ML Lares-Reyes MA Huerta-Díaz A Muñoz-Barbosa E Santamaría del Ángel EV Torres-Delgado SA Sañudo-Wilhelmy Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified, Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50¿60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5¿2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. 2011 artículo científico 0185-3880 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=480 Ciencias Marinas application/pdf Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ciencias Marinas (México) Num.4A Vol.37'] ['JA Segovia-Zavala'] ['JA Segovia-Zavala'] ['Artículo científico'] ['2011'] ['Universidad Autónoma de Baja California'] ['en'] ['Ciencias de la Tierra', 'iron', 'Metals', 'copper', 'cadmium', 'Gulf of California'] ['https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007'] ['Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California JA Segovia-Zavala F Delgadillo-Hinojosa ML Lares-Reyes MA Huerta-Díaz A Muñoz-Barbosa E Santamaría del Ángel EV Torres-Delgado SA Sañudo-Wilhelmy Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified, Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50¿60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5¿2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. 2011 artículo científico 0185-3880 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=480 Ciencias Marinas application/pdf Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ciencias Marinas (México) Num.4A Vol.37'] |
| spellingShingle | Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California JA Segovia-Zavala Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California JA Segovia-Zavala F Delgadillo-Hinojosa ML Lares-Reyes MA Huerta-Díaz A Muñoz-Barbosa E Santamaría del Ángel EV Torres-Delgado SA Sañudo-Wilhelmy Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California Dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium data are reported for the upper 450 m of the water column in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California. Two water masses were identified, Gulf of California Water and Subtropical Subsurface Water. The 34.95 isohaline moved upward from 400 to 250 m depth, suggesting deep-water upwelling. Similarly, at surface level (50¿60 m), the 26 and 27 ºC isotherms and 35.45 and 35.65 isohalines moved up to the surface. Sea surface temperature imagery showed that Ballenas Channel surface water was relatively cooler (1.5¿2.0 ºC) than the water of the Midriff region during the study period. The vertical distribution of iron and copper showed mixed profiles (scavenging and nutrient types) with high concentrations at the surface (Fe = 3.58 and Cu = 3.29 nM), which immediately decrease with depth (Fe = 0.88 and Cu = 1.16 nM, scavenging type) and subsequently increase towards the bottom (Fe = 1.90 and Cu = 1.69 nM, nutrient type). Cadmium showed a nutrient-type vertical profile with low surface concentrations (0.75 nM) that increase with depth (1.12 nM). The dissolved concentrations of these three metals are higher in relation to highly productive areas in the Gulf of California and California Current. Preliminary estimates suggest that dissolved iron (76%) and copper (70%) are mostly generated by vertical advection and the rest by surface advection and atmospheric contributions, whereas 80% of cadmium enrichment is the result of vertical advection and the rest seems to be removed from surface water by photosynthesis. 2011 artículo científico 0185-3880 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=480 Ciencias Marinas application/pdf Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ciencias Marinas (México) Num.4A Vol.37 |
| title | Vertical distribution of dissolved iron, copper, and cadmium in Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California |
| title_alt | Distribuciones de hierro, cobre y cadmio disueltos en el Canal de Ballenas, Golfo de California |
| topic | Ciencias de la Tierra iron Metals copper cadmium Gulf of California |
| topic_facet | metals iron copper cadmium Gulf of California metales hierro cobre cadmio golfo de California |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48020747007 https://cienciasmarinas.com.mx/index.php/cmarinas/article/view/1967 |