Survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in Kenya
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Language: | en |
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Society for Promotion of Horticulture
2015
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| _version_ | 1876470424687083520 |
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| author | P.M. Wachira |
| author_facet | P.M. Wachira |
| contents | Survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in Kenya P.M. Wachira J.N. Muindi S.A. Okoth Agrociencias plant Artabotrys biological control parasitic nematodes Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of economic crops, causing upto 5% yield lossesglobally. In Kenya, vegetables are affected, among other pests, by parasitic nematodes, causing upto 80% loss in yield.Nematode control is very difficult and relies heavily on use of chemical nematicides. Use of these chemical nematicidesleads to biological magnification, and elimination of natural enemies of other pathogens, thus creating a need forgreater application of pesticides, increased production costs, and development of insecticide-resistance. These factorshave led to a growing interest in search for alternate management strategies. The objective of this study was, therefore,to document nematode-destroying fungi in selected, major vegetable-growing areas in Kenya as a step towardsdeveloping a self-sustaining system for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Soil samples were collected fromfive vegetable-production zones, viz., Kinare, Kabete, Athi-river, Machakos and Kibwezi, and transported to the laboratoryfor extraction of nematode-destroying fungi. The soil-sprinkle technique described by Jaffee et al (1996) was used forisolating the nematode-destroying fungi from soil, while, their identification was done using identification keysdescribed by Soto Barrientos et al (2001). From this study, a total of 171 fungal isolates were identified as nematode-destroying. The highest population was recorded in Kabete, at 33.9% of the total, followed by Machakos, Kibwezi,Athi-river, with the least in Kinare, at 24.6, 22.2, 11.7 and 7.6% of the total population, in that order. Arthrobotrys wasthe most frequent genus, with mean occurrence of 7.3, followed by Monacrosporium with 6 and Stylophage with 5.2.A. dactyloides was significantly (P=0.002) affected by the agro-ecological zone, with the highest occurrence recordedin Kabete, and the least in Athi-river. Kibwezi recorded highest diversity index, with a mean of 1.017, while, Athi-riverrecorded the least, with a mean of 0.333. Kibwezi had the highest species richness, recording a mean of 3.4, while, theleast mean of 1.6 was recorded in Athi-river. Mean species richness of 2.2 was recorded for both Kabete and Machakos,and 1.8 for Kinare. From the three genera recorded, Arthrobotrys was more effective at trapping nematodes comparedto Monocrosporium and Stylopage. The genus Arthrobotrys had the highest number of trapped nematodes, with atotal population of 57, followed by Monacrosporium, the least being Stylopage,with 45 and 36, respectively, in a periodof 104 hours. From the study, it is evident that agricultural practices affect occurrence and diversity of nematode-destroying fungi, and, Arthrobotrys can be used as a bio-control agent for managing plant-parasitic nematodes. 2015 artículo científico 0973-354X https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=577061451021 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=5770 Journal of Horticultural Sciences application/pdf Society for Promotion of Horticulture Journal of Horticultural Sciences (India) Num.1 Vol.10 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_577061451021 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Society for Promotion of Horticulture |
| spellingShingle | Survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in Kenya P.M. Wachira Agrociencias plant Artabotrys biological control parasitic nematodes Survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in Kenya P.M. Wachira J.N. Muindi S.A. Okoth Agrociencias plant Artabotrys biological control parasitic nematodes Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to a wide range of economic crops, causing upto 5% yield lossesglobally. In Kenya, vegetables are affected, among other pests, by parasitic nematodes, causing upto 80% loss in yield.Nematode control is very difficult and relies heavily on use of chemical nematicides. Use of these chemical nematicidesleads to biological magnification, and elimination of natural enemies of other pathogens, thus creating a need forgreater application of pesticides, increased production costs, and development of insecticide-resistance. These factorshave led to a growing interest in search for alternate management strategies. The objective of this study was, therefore,to document nematode-destroying fungi in selected, major vegetable-growing areas in Kenya as a step towardsdeveloping a self-sustaining system for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Soil samples were collected fromfive vegetable-production zones, viz., Kinare, Kabete, Athi-river, Machakos and Kibwezi, and transported to the laboratoryfor extraction of nematode-destroying fungi. The soil-sprinkle technique described by Jaffee et al (1996) was used forisolating the nematode-destroying fungi from soil, while, their identification was done using identification keysdescribed by Soto Barrientos et al (2001). From this study, a total of 171 fungal isolates were identified as nematode-destroying. The highest population was recorded in Kabete, at 33.9% of the total, followed by Machakos, Kibwezi,Athi-river, with the least in Kinare, at 24.6, 22.2, 11.7 and 7.6% of the total population, in that order. Arthrobotrys wasthe most frequent genus, with mean occurrence of 7.3, followed by Monacrosporium with 6 and Stylophage with 5.2.A. dactyloides was significantly (P=0.002) affected by the agro-ecological zone, with the highest occurrence recordedin Kabete, and the least in Athi-river. Kibwezi recorded highest diversity index, with a mean of 1.017, while, Athi-riverrecorded the least, with a mean of 0.333. Kibwezi had the highest species richness, recording a mean of 3.4, while, theleast mean of 1.6 was recorded in Athi-river. Mean species richness of 2.2 was recorded for both Kabete and Machakos,and 1.8 for Kinare. From the three genera recorded, Arthrobotrys was more effective at trapping nematodes comparedto Monocrosporium and Stylopage. The genus Arthrobotrys had the highest number of trapped nematodes, with atotal population of 57, followed by Monacrosporium, the least being Stylopage,with 45 and 36, respectively, in a periodof 104 hours. From the study, it is evident that agricultural practices affect occurrence and diversity of nematode-destroying fungi, and, Arthrobotrys can be used as a bio-control agent for managing plant-parasitic nematodes. 2015 artículo científico 0973-354X https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=577061451021 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=5770 Journal of Horticultural Sciences application/pdf Society for Promotion of Horticulture Journal of Horticultural Sciences (India) Num.1 Vol.10 |
| title | Survey of nematode-destroying fungi from selected vegetable-growing areas in Kenya |
| topic | Agrociencias plant Artabotrys biological control parasitic nematodes |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=577061451021 |