Los antipsicóticos atípicos: Una revisión
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Langue: | en |
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Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
2001
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| _version_ | 1876487083343740928 |
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| author | María García |
| author_facet | María García |
| contents | Los antipsicóticos atípicos: Una revisión María García Rogelio Apiquian Ana Fresán Medicina Schizophrenia adverse effects dissociation constant atypical antipsychotics This review elucidates a new concept for the classification ofatypical antipsychotics based on their mechanism of action. Theprimary aim in the development of an antipsychotic is that ofincreasing its efficacy and decreasing the frequency of adverseeffects. Atypical antipsychotics have reached this goal by differentpharmacological action mechanisms.Recently, a new model was suggested for explaining the actionmechanism of atypical antipsychotics. This model suggests thatatypical antipsychotics have a constant of faster dissociation fromthe dopaminergic receptor D2, which modulates antipsychoticresponse, conditioning a lower frequency of extrapyramidalsymptoms and a lower prolactin elevation, which are the essentialfeatures of an atypical antipsychotic.To define an antipsychotic as atypical it should prove its efficacyin the positive and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia; itshould be outstandingly efficient in patients with partial responseor lack of it to typical antipsychotics, and it must have at leasttwo of the following properties: no association with subjectivedysphoria, low sedative effect, few cardiac/autonomic side effects,mild elevation of prolactin levels, lower associated sexualdysfunction and minimal weight gain. It has been recently proposedthat atypical antipsychotics must show their efficacy in thetreatment of depressive symptoms and cognitive deficitsassociated to schizophrenia.According to these criteria the following drugs are consideredas atypical antipsychotics: risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine,ziprasidone, amisulpride, zotepine, iloperidone, aripiprazole andclozapine.These properties offer advantages over conventional antipsychotics,nevertheless, atypical antipsychotics have been associatedwith some adverse effects such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome,cardiovascular effects, weight gain, prolactin elevation, diabetesmellitus and hyperlipidemia, which are summarized in thisreview. 2001 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252407 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.5 Vol.24 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_58252407 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publisher | Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz |
| spellingShingle | Los antipsicóticos atípicos: Una revisión María García Medicina Schizophrenia adverse effects dissociation constant atypical antipsychotics Los antipsicóticos atípicos: Una revisión María García Rogelio Apiquian Ana Fresán Medicina Schizophrenia adverse effects dissociation constant atypical antipsychotics This review elucidates a new concept for the classification ofatypical antipsychotics based on their mechanism of action. Theprimary aim in the development of an antipsychotic is that ofincreasing its efficacy and decreasing the frequency of adverseeffects. Atypical antipsychotics have reached this goal by differentpharmacological action mechanisms.Recently, a new model was suggested for explaining the actionmechanism of atypical antipsychotics. This model suggests thatatypical antipsychotics have a constant of faster dissociation fromthe dopaminergic receptor D2, which modulates antipsychoticresponse, conditioning a lower frequency of extrapyramidalsymptoms and a lower prolactin elevation, which are the essentialfeatures of an atypical antipsychotic.To define an antipsychotic as atypical it should prove its efficacyin the positive and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia; itshould be outstandingly efficient in patients with partial responseor lack of it to typical antipsychotics, and it must have at leasttwo of the following properties: no association with subjectivedysphoria, low sedative effect, few cardiac/autonomic side effects,mild elevation of prolactin levels, lower associated sexualdysfunction and minimal weight gain. It has been recently proposedthat atypical antipsychotics must show their efficacy in thetreatment of depressive symptoms and cognitive deficitsassociated to schizophrenia.According to these criteria the following drugs are consideredas atypical antipsychotics: risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine,ziprasidone, amisulpride, zotepine, iloperidone, aripiprazole andclozapine.These properties offer advantages over conventional antipsychotics,nevertheless, atypical antipsychotics have been associatedwith some adverse effects such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome,cardiovascular effects, weight gain, prolactin elevation, diabetesmellitus and hyperlipidemia, which are summarized in thisreview. 2001 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252407 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.5 Vol.24 |
| title | Los antipsicóticos atípicos: Una revisión |
| topic | Medicina Schizophrenia adverse effects dissociation constant atypical antipsychotics |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252407 |