La inteligencia maquiavélica de los primates y la evolución del cerebro social
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Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
2002
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| _version_ | 1876450484673314816 |
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| author | Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos |
| author_facet | Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos |
| contents | La inteligencia maquiavélica de los primates y la evolución del cerebro social Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos Medicina Primates evolution social intelligence The selective pressures and type of selection from which the humanbrain arose have been a source of curiosity and controversy sincethe dawn of Darwins Evolution Theory. Since 1953 Chance andMead suggested that the need to ensure a sexual partner was theselective pressure favoring neocortex size increase in primates.Later, Jolly in 1966 and Humphrey in 1976 acknowledged thecomplex social life of primates as the source of neocortex increaseand improvement of higher cognitive processes. Yet, it is until1988, with Whiten and Byrnes Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesiswhen the idea that social living is the main force behind theevolution of the primates brain is established. The MachiavellianIntelligence hypothesis presumes that throughout evolution,primates have developed a set of social strategies by whichindividuals search to increase direct or indirect reproductivebenefits, resorting to the profitable use of agonistic or cooperativebehavior, according to the situation. Various complex socialbehaviors, such as reconciliation, alliances, and sabotage, are actuallyknown in primates. Among these, the first two are wellcharacterized, their distribution and variability being known amongprimate species, as well as the consequences of resorting or not tothem. On the other hand, the vocalization studies have shownthat, besides having a vast diversity of calls, primates are able todistinguish kinship and dominance relationships, relying solely onvocalizations. The aforesaid implies a positive correlation betweenneocortex size and complex social behavior variety. Although thisparticular correlation has proven difficult to test, comparativeanalyses have shown that neocortical size varies as a function ofcertain socioecological variables. In one of the first workscontrolling phylogenetic inertia, Dunbar showed that neocortexsize changes in relation to average group size of free-rangingprimates: the larger the group, the larger neocortical size is.Moreover, it has been found that neocortex size increases alongwith the mean number of females within the species typical groupsize. Yet, there is no covariation between neocortical size andmean number of males. More detailed analyses have shown thatalong with neocortex size, other brain areas, such as the striatumor the amygdala, respectively, increase along with the number offemales per group or group size. Another finding has shown thatthe number of neurons in the parvocellular lamina increases alongwith mean group size, and only marginally in relation to theproportion of fruit ingested. As such, it stands that social livingexerted a major effect in the increase of the parvocellular lamina,than ecological pressures such as food quality... 2002 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252504 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.5 Vol.25 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_58252504 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz |
| spellingShingle | La inteligencia maquiavélica de los primates y la evolución del cerebro social Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos Medicina Primates evolution social intelligence La inteligencia maquiavélica de los primates y la evolución del cerebro social Ricardo Mondragón Ceballos Medicina Primates evolution social intelligence The selective pressures and type of selection from which the humanbrain arose have been a source of curiosity and controversy sincethe dawn of Darwins Evolution Theory. Since 1953 Chance andMead suggested that the need to ensure a sexual partner was theselective pressure favoring neocortex size increase in primates.Later, Jolly in 1966 and Humphrey in 1976 acknowledged thecomplex social life of primates as the source of neocortex increaseand improvement of higher cognitive processes. Yet, it is until1988, with Whiten and Byrnes Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesiswhen the idea that social living is the main force behind theevolution of the primates brain is established. The MachiavellianIntelligence hypothesis presumes that throughout evolution,primates have developed a set of social strategies by whichindividuals search to increase direct or indirect reproductivebenefits, resorting to the profitable use of agonistic or cooperativebehavior, according to the situation. Various complex socialbehaviors, such as reconciliation, alliances, and sabotage, are actuallyknown in primates. Among these, the first two are wellcharacterized, their distribution and variability being known amongprimate species, as well as the consequences of resorting or not tothem. On the other hand, the vocalization studies have shownthat, besides having a vast diversity of calls, primates are able todistinguish kinship and dominance relationships, relying solely onvocalizations. The aforesaid implies a positive correlation betweenneocortex size and complex social behavior variety. Although thisparticular correlation has proven difficult to test, comparativeanalyses have shown that neocortical size varies as a function ofcertain socioecological variables. In one of the first workscontrolling phylogenetic inertia, Dunbar showed that neocortexsize changes in relation to average group size of free-rangingprimates: the larger the group, the larger neocortical size is.Moreover, it has been found that neocortex size increases alongwith the mean number of females within the species typical groupsize. Yet, there is no covariation between neocortical size andmean number of males. More detailed analyses have shown thatalong with neocortex size, other brain areas, such as the striatumor the amygdala, respectively, increase along with the number offemales per group or group size. Another finding has shown thatthe number of neurons in the parvocellular lamina increases alongwith mean group size, and only marginally in relation to theproportion of fruit ingested. As such, it stands that social livingexerted a major effect in the increase of the parvocellular lamina,than ecological pressures such as food quality... 2002 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252504 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.5 Vol.25 |
| title | La inteligencia maquiavélica de los primates y la evolución del cerebro social |
| topic | Medicina Primates evolution social intelligence |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58252504 |