Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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| Format: | Artículo científico |
| Sprache: | en |
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Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
2018
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| author | Giovanni Abrahão Salum |
| author_facet | Giovanni Abrahão Salum |
| contents | Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Giovanni Abrahão Salum Ary Gadelha Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk Eurípedes Constantino Miguel Luis Augusto Rohde Medicina Attention diagnosis psychiatry Introduction We assessed the impact of polythetic conceptualizations of mental disorders on the validity and reliability of psychiatric diagnosis, with a specific focus on two levels of heterogeneity: phenomenological and pathophysiological.Objective We investigated this issue using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example.Method We examined individuals from two samples enriched for psychopathology (n = 1 255 children in Porto Alegre and 1 257 children in São Paulo, Brazil). We conducted a series of data analyses to investigate phenomenological heterogeneity, including confirmatory factor analysis. We also investigated pathophysiological heterogeneity using symptom-level regressions between ADHD symptoms and four neurocognitive processes consistently linked to ADHD (working memory, inhibitory control, intra-subject variability in reaction times, and temporal processing). Lastly, we assessed the performance of polythetic systems for reliability testing inter-rater and test-rest reliability of two well-known symptomatic scales.Results Among the 116 200 possible combinations of symptoms to achieve DSM symptomatic threshold for categorical ADHD diagnosis, we found 173 combinations in the two independent samples, and only four were replicated in both samples (2.3%). We also found that the number of ADHD symptoms is a poor indicator of variation in the general ADHD latent trait. Overall, symptoms did not have specific profiles of associations with any of the neurocognitive processes. Reliability analyses revealed that increasing the number of items augments overall reliability of measurements.Discussion and conclusion Our findings illustrate both potential benefits and problems inherent to the polythetic system for ADHD. Implications for the search of mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders are discussed. 2018 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58257912003 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/58257912003.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/movil 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2018.037 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.6 Vol.41 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_58257912003 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz |
| spellingShingle | Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Giovanni Abrahão Salum Medicina Attention diagnosis psychiatry Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Giovanni Abrahão Salum Ary Gadelha Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk Eurípedes Constantino Miguel Luis Augusto Rohde Medicina Attention diagnosis psychiatry Introduction We assessed the impact of polythetic conceptualizations of mental disorders on the validity and reliability of psychiatric diagnosis, with a specific focus on two levels of heterogeneity: phenomenological and pathophysiological.Objective We investigated this issue using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example.Method We examined individuals from two samples enriched for psychopathology (n = 1 255 children in Porto Alegre and 1 257 children in São Paulo, Brazil). We conducted a series of data analyses to investigate phenomenological heterogeneity, including confirmatory factor analysis. We also investigated pathophysiological heterogeneity using symptom-level regressions between ADHD symptoms and four neurocognitive processes consistently linked to ADHD (working memory, inhibitory control, intra-subject variability in reaction times, and temporal processing). Lastly, we assessed the performance of polythetic systems for reliability testing inter-rater and test-rest reliability of two well-known symptomatic scales.Results Among the 116 200 possible combinations of symptoms to achieve DSM symptomatic threshold for categorical ADHD diagnosis, we found 173 combinations in the two independent samples, and only four were replicated in both samples (2.3%). We also found that the number of ADHD symptoms is a poor indicator of variation in the general ADHD latent trait. Overall, symptoms did not have specific profiles of associations with any of the neurocognitive processes. Reliability analyses revealed that increasing the number of items augments overall reliability of measurements.Discussion and conclusion Our findings illustrate both potential benefits and problems inherent to the polythetic system for ADHD. Implications for the search of mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders are discussed. 2018 artículo científico 0185-3325 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58257912003 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/58257912003.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/movil 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2018.037 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=582 Salud Mental application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Salud Mental (México) Num.6 Vol.41 |
| title | Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| topic | Medicina Attention diagnosis psychiatry |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58257912003 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/58257912003.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/582/58257912003/movil |