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Autore principale:	Daniel R. Horst
Natura:	Artículo científico
Lingua:	en
Pubblicazione:	Université de Neuchâtel 2014
Soggetti:	Lengua y Literatura propaganda visual Revuelta holandesa Guerra de Ochenta Años estereotipos españoles Fernando Álvarez de Toledo (Duque de Alba)
Accesso online:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=672473161009 https://doi.org/10.14603/1I2014
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THE DUKE OF ALBA: THE IDEAL ENEMY Daniel R. Horst Lengua y Literatura propaganda visual Revuelta holandesa Guerra de Ochenta Años estereotipos españoles Fernando Álvarez de Toledo (Duque de Alba) En este trabajo voy a presentar cómo la imagen de Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, III Duke of Alba (1507-1582) ofrecida por los propagandistas neerlandeses durante la Revuelta holandesa se corresponde con antiguos estereotipos holandeses sobre los españoles en general. El duque de Alba es ampliamente criticado por su orgullo, un pecado más claramente visible en la estatua de su figura erigida en Antwerp en 1571. La conexión entre Alba y el vicio de orgullo se usa reiteradamente en la propaganda holandesa anti-española durante el gobierno del duque de Alba en las Provincias Unidas pero igualmente permanece como un tema popular con algunos ejemplos de textos menos conocidos de este período que tratan sobre el duque de Alba. Finalmente mostraré cómo el nombre del duque de Alba vive todavía en la lengua holandesa. 2014 artículo científico 2297-2692 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=672473161009 https://doi.org/10.14603/1I2014 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=6724 Arte Nuevo application/pdf Université de Neuchâtel Arte Nuevo (Suiza) Vol.1

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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