Geological context and origin of the mineralization of the historic and prehistoric iron mines in the Gavà area, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula
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| Formato: | Artículo científico |
| Lenguaje: | en |
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Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C.
2019
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| author | Yael Díaz-Acha |
| author_facet | Yael Díaz-Acha |
| contents | Geological context and origin of the mineralization of the historic and prehistoric iron mines in the Gavà area, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula Yael Díaz-Acha Marc Campeny Joan Carles Melgarejo Josep Bosch Saleh Lehbib Lisard Torró Joaquín A. Proenza Montgarri Castillo-Oliver Antoni Camprubí Cristina Villanova-de-Benavent Aleu Andreazini Míriam Pastor Núria Pujol-Solà Sandra Amores Jingyao Xu Júlia Farré Ciencias de la Tierra karst alunite supergenic phosphates Iron mining Mining for iron resources in the Gavà area of Catalonia occurred intermittently during the Iberian and Roman epochs, the Middle Ages, and continuing until the industrial era, as evidenced by historical and archaeological documents.. Iron mining in this area could have occurred even earlier, during the Neolithic period. Iron ores were formed in two stages: (1) a regional hydrothermal alteration associated with Hercynian thrusts that produced the ankeritization of limestones within the Paleozoic series, and (2) the karstic replacement of these iron-rich carbonates during the Pliocene and Quaternary by means of supergenic fluids that produced ochres with goethite and hematite. The style of mineralization largely depends on the characteristics of the replaced protolith, and three styles of mineralization can be defined: (1)The supergenic replacement of ankeritized massive Pridolian limestones only produced local replacements that were restricted to structural or stratigraphic discontinuities, therefore, the mineralization has reduced dimensions and occurs as irregular veinlets or pipes; (2) The replacement of interbedded ankeritized limestones and pyrite-bearing shales (Lockovian) produced massive ores in pod-shaped bodies rich in silica impurities derived from the altered shales; and (3) The replacement of carbonates overthrust by pyrite- and phosphate-rich shales favored the formation of massive stratabound deposits, which are the largest and highest grade deposits in the study area, and may be locally enriched in minerals of the alunite supergroup and Ca- and Fe-rich phosphates. Outcrops of all of these styles of mineralization were mined by the Iberian cultures, during the roman period and in the Middle Ages, taking advantage of the relatively high metallurgical quality of the ores.Therefore, the exploitation during these epochs was artisanal by means of trenches or small pits. In contrast, during the industrial era only the massive stratabound deposits were exploited in open pits and underground galleries. 2019 artículo científico 1405-3322 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94362592007 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/94362592007.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/movil 10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a6 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=943 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana application/pdf Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana (México) Num.2 Vol.71 |
| format | Artículo científico |
| id | redalyc_94362592007 |
| institution | Redalyc |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. |
| spellingShingle | Geological context and origin of the mineralization of the historic and prehistoric iron mines in the Gavà area, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula Yael Díaz-Acha Ciencias de la Tierra karst alunite supergenic phosphates Iron mining Geological context and origin of the mineralization of the historic and prehistoric iron mines in the Gavà area, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula Yael Díaz-Acha Marc Campeny Joan Carles Melgarejo Josep Bosch Saleh Lehbib Lisard Torró Joaquín A. Proenza Montgarri Castillo-Oliver Antoni Camprubí Cristina Villanova-de-Benavent Aleu Andreazini Míriam Pastor Núria Pujol-Solà Sandra Amores Jingyao Xu Júlia Farré Ciencias de la Tierra karst alunite supergenic phosphates Iron mining Mining for iron resources in the Gavà area of Catalonia occurred intermittently during the Iberian and Roman epochs, the Middle Ages, and continuing until the industrial era, as evidenced by historical and archaeological documents.. Iron mining in this area could have occurred even earlier, during the Neolithic period. Iron ores were formed in two stages: (1) a regional hydrothermal alteration associated with Hercynian thrusts that produced the ankeritization of limestones within the Paleozoic series, and (2) the karstic replacement of these iron-rich carbonates during the Pliocene and Quaternary by means of supergenic fluids that produced ochres with goethite and hematite. The style of mineralization largely depends on the characteristics of the replaced protolith, and three styles of mineralization can be defined: (1)The supergenic replacement of ankeritized massive Pridolian limestones only produced local replacements that were restricted to structural or stratigraphic discontinuities, therefore, the mineralization has reduced dimensions and occurs as irregular veinlets or pipes; (2) The replacement of interbedded ankeritized limestones and pyrite-bearing shales (Lockovian) produced massive ores in pod-shaped bodies rich in silica impurities derived from the altered shales; and (3) The replacement of carbonates overthrust by pyrite- and phosphate-rich shales favored the formation of massive stratabound deposits, which are the largest and highest grade deposits in the study area, and may be locally enriched in minerals of the alunite supergroup and Ca- and Fe-rich phosphates. Outcrops of all of these styles of mineralization were mined by the Iberian cultures, during the roman period and in the Middle Ages, taking advantage of the relatively high metallurgical quality of the ores.Therefore, the exploitation during these epochs was artisanal by means of trenches or small pits. In contrast, during the industrial era only the massive stratabound deposits were exploited in open pits and underground galleries. 2019 artículo científico 1405-3322 https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94362592007 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/94362592007.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/movil 10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a6 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=943 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana application/pdf Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana (México) Num.2 Vol.71 |
| title | Geological context and origin of the mineralization of the historic and prehistoric iron mines in the Gavà area, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula |
| topic | Ciencias de la Tierra karst alunite supergenic phosphates Iron mining |
| url | https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94362592007 https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/html/ https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/94362592007.epub https://www.redalyc.org/journal/943/94362592007/movil |